Conflict And Tension Flashcards
11th Nov 1918
Armistice signed and Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates
Jan 1920
First meeting of League of Nations
Jan 1919
Paris Peace Conference
June 1919
Treaty of Versailles signed
August 1922
Washington Naval Agreement
October 1922
Mussolini becomes dictator after marching on Rome
Economic collapse in Austria and Hungary
1922-1923
Corfu Crisis
August 1923
Greek-Bulgarian Dispute
October 1925
The Locarno Treaties
October-December
Germany joins League of Nations
1926
Kellogg-Briand Pact
August 1928
Manchurian Crisis
September 1931
Wall Street Crash
October 1929
Adolf Hitler becomes Chancellor
January 1933
Hitler leaves Disarmament Conference
October 1933
Nazi party on Austria assassinate Austrian Chancellor Dollfuss
July 1934
Hitler invades Austria
March 1938
Munich Conference (Chamberlain meets Hitler over Sudeten Crisis)
September 1938
German troops invade and occupy Sudetenland
October 1938
USSR joins the League of Nations
September 1934
Rome-Berlin Axis agreed
October 1936
Italy join Anti-Comintern Pact
November 1936
Japan launch full-scale invasion on China
July 1937
Saar plebiscite (rejoin Germany)
January 1935
Hitler announces he has built the Luftwaffe
Conscription introduced
Remilitarisation of the Rhineland
March 1935
Anglo-German Naval Treaty
June 1935
Mussolini invades Abyssinia
October 1935
Hoare-Laval Pact leaked to press
December 1935
Germany and Italy sign the Pact of Steel
May 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact signed
August 1939
Hitler invades Poland
Britain and France declare war
September 1939
Who were the big 3
George Clemenceau-France
Lloyd George-Britain
Woodrow Wilson-USA
Some of Wilson’s Fourteen Points
No secret treaties
Ships of all nations have the right to sail the seas without interference
Disarmament
Alsace-Lorraine returned to France
Self-determination in Austrio-Hungarian and Ottomon empires
Independent Polish state to be created
League of Nations to be formed
What was the aim of the Treaty of Versailles
To punish Germany and prevent them attacking France again by weakening them
Treaty of Versailles terms
Anschluss forbidde
League of Nations formed
Germany not allowed tanks, submarines or Air Force
Saar under control of League of Nations for 15 years
Lost 10% of land
Rhineland demilitarised
Article 231 war guilt clause
Navy limited to 15,000 men and 1500 officers and 6 battleships
What land did Germany lose in TofV
Danzig made free city African colonies given as mandates to LofN Saar controlled by LofN for 15yrs Alsace Lorraine returned to France Eupen and Malmedy give to Belgium North Schleswig given to Denmark
What were British opinions about the TofV
It was harsh and unfair
Revolts in Germany over food shortages and the war
October 1918
Kapp Putsch narrowly defeated
March 1920
LofN agrees Germany should pay £6,600 million in reparations
April 1921
Germany miss reparations payment, France invade Ruhr
Germany pays workers to strike
Germany’s economy crumbles
January 1923
Munich Putsch
Loaf of bread costs 200,000 million marks because if hyperinflation
November 1923
The Dawes Plan: America lends Germany 800 million gold marks to rebuild their economy
August 1924
Negative consequences of treaties signed at the end of WW1
Six million Germans lived outside of German territory-feared persecution
German families forced off land they had owned for generations
Germany’s defenders were weak
Causes of WW1 were complex, yet Germany and its allies forced to take full responsibility
Treaty was forced Diktat
Germany’s thought Treaty would be based on 14 points which were fair for all
Estimated reparations would be paid by 1980s
Significance of Treaty of Sèvres
Proved other treaties were unenforceable - when a country rebelled their was little that other countries could do
When British made fairer treaty it looked like they accepted it was too harsh and this undermined all the treaties
Mussolini and Hitler realised that they could get away with breaking international law
Aims of Clemenceau
Punishment and revenge
Protection and reduction if Germany’s military
Recover losses and reparations
Wilson’s aims
Self-determination
Start of LofN
Stop future wars
Lloyd George’s aims
Revenge and reparations Naval supremacy Retain trade relationship with Germany Reduce German Empire and preserve British Empire Reduce risk of another war
Aims of LofN
Stop war
Encourage disarmament
Improve working conditions
Tackle deadly diseases
Why was Wilson not involved in LofN
Senate refused to agree
People wanted to isolate themselves from Europe as many young Americans died in WW1
Where was LofN based
Geneva, Switzerland