Democracy And Participatomn Examples

Question 1

What was the turnout at the 1992 election ?

Answer 1

77.1%

Question 2

What was the turnout in the 2001 election ?

Answer 2

59.4%

Question 3

What was the turnout in the 2005 election ?

Answer 3

61.3%

Question 4

What was the turnout in the 2017 election ?

Answer 4

68.8%

Question 5

What was the 2019 turnout ?

Answer 5

67.3%

Question 6

What was the 2019 turnout for 18-24 year olds ?
And cmpared to 16/17yr old in Scot ref

Answer 6

35%
75% turnout for 16/17 hr old in Scottish parliament.
Labs green and libs support lower voting age

Question 7

Average Germany turnout 2017 for reference?

Answer 7

76%

Question 8

How much of the vote share in 2019 did cons and labour have ?

Answer 8

76%

Question 9

An example of incorrect distribution of seats in 2015

Answer 9

Turnout for election was 66% cons won 36% of that vote so realistically 24% public endorsed them

Question 10

Membership of the cons party

Answer 10

170000 members less that 0.38% of the electorate

Question 11

Membership of labour

Answer 11

367000 less than 1% of the electorate

Question 12

Significance

Answer 12

Membership of political parties has been declining from its peak in the early 1950s. At that time, there were around 2.8m Conservative Party and 1m Labour Party

Question 13

How many members did the brexit party formed in 2020 have by June of 2020

Answer 13

85000

Question 14

How many members does royal bird society have

Answer 14

1.2 mil more than the. 3 main parties combined

Question 15

Name 3 E- petitions

Answer 15

2007 e petition against plan to introduce chargers using all road in the uk 1.8 million signatures Blair still introduced a tax if certain roads but issues a response and hinted to cut on car tax.

2021 end child food poverty w fair share and rashform 1.1 mil signatures and parliament announced a package over Easter in Covid but no plans to extend to the winter.

2021/22ID verification on social media nearly 700000 signatures. Debated in parliament and proposed after radio abuse toward football player after 2020 European championship finals parliament decided on online safety legislation but not ids and it impacts freedom of expression and may disproportionately affect vulnerable users.

Question 16

pressure groups and their success?

Answer 16

Greenpeace - 3.5 million members in 55 countries and 236.9 million euros a year but cbi more influential

CBI - more influential under cons 267 mentions in 2019 parliament , 1.8 media mentions in 2019 double 2018 and 4r4 cbi events hosted including conferences, policy round tables and dinners and 415 political engagements from across political spectrum.

Extinctions rebellion - met ichael gove and he pledged net 0 w no specified time sos for end at the time 2019 also claimed to be mentions 70000 times in online media In2019

But limited as 2020 blockade of the printing press they were reprimanded people claimed the public disturbance costed lives. Said they’d stop public displays.

Leave means leave wanted hard bred it w cons and former cons but Johnson and may ignkred them anyway

CBI insider more success in cons gov so depends who’s in charge

the Countryside Alliance put rural affairs on the political map in 2003 by putting 300,000 demonstrators
BMA

RMT lost insider status in 2004 after breaching party rules and finding rival Scottish socialist party

Insulate Britain 2021 if not forThem people would be be aware if issue of insulating social housing in England and how impacts climate change but roadblocks prevented people going to work

Just stop our unsuccessful Nat gallery 2022 led to arrests of 2 members and they were charged bad press.

Question 17

Example of failed E petition ?

Answer 17

The 2016 2nd referendum petition reached 3.8 mil signatures but no second referendum

Question 18

What percentage of seats did Lib Dem’s win in 2019?

Answer 18

11.6% votes 11 seats 1 lost seat ( leader Jo Swindon who then stepped down doesn’t regret pro remain strategy )
Leader rn and since has been ed Davy

Question 19

What percentage of the seats 2019 did snp win.

Answer 19

48 seats and 3.9% of the vote. Cpmsred w Lib Dem’s more proportional outcome.

Question 20

Belgium and Netherlands ( proportional systems) average time to form gov compared to uk?

Answer 20

Belgium - 98 days ( from 1930s to 2010s )

Netherlands - 93 days

Uk - 2 days

Question 21

Examples of courts protecting rights the uk ?

Answer 21

Only ever been 47 dec of incompatibility since 2001 so equivalent of 2 a year roughly very few rights protected this way
2024 last one before 2021

AM v zimbabue v s.o.s for home dept 2020

Ahmed v HMT 2010 - courts up ruled in his favour

Lee v Asher (n. Ireland. ) 2018
Freedom of speech and religious expression was the basis of the win of the case unanimous decision

Secretary of State for Business and Trade v Mercer
2022 UK Supreme Court Declares Section 146 of Trade Union And Labour Relations Act Incompatible with European Convention on Human Rights.
2024 The Supreme Court held that Section 146 of TULRCA failed to strike a fair balance between the interests of workers exercising their trade union rights and those of employers and the wider community.

Ruwanda scheme 2023 court said Ruwanda not safe parliament passed a bill to say it is

But

UK Supreme Court leaves decision on prisoner voting rights to parliament
R (on the application of Chester) v Secretary of State for Justice [2013] UKSC 63 (16 October 2013)
Summary
Two prisoners serving life sentences for murder claimed that their rights had been infringed by reason of their prohibition from voting in elections. The United Kingdom Supreme Court unanimously dismissed both appeals.
Facts
In the United Kingdom, all prisoners currently serving sentences are prevented from voting under section 3 of the Representation of the People Act 1983

Question 22

Legislation Impeding rights

Answer 22

Ruwanda scheme 2022

Police , crime ,courtd and sentencing act 2022 gave police more authority to arrest on certain areas like protests

Nation,sort and border but 2021 according to amnesty international Even if a person is still able to establish their right to asylum, the Bill includes provision to withhold or undermine the protection to which a refugee is entitled.

The Supreme Court held that Section 146 of TULRCA failed to strike a fair balance between the interests of workers exercising their trade union rights and those of employers and the wider community. 2024

2022 UK Supreme Court Declares Section 146 of Trade Union And Labour Relations Act Incompatible with European Convention on Human Rights.

.

Question 23

When was the proposal for a British bill of rights and by whom?

Answer 23

Justice secrstary Dominic Arab at 2021 Tory party conference

Question 24

Average uk voter turnout ? And how much would it increase w mandatory voting?

Answer 24

67%

30%

Question 25

Why would some groups still be unable to vote a mandatory voting ?

Answer 25

Prisoners can’t vote ( tried to in birds v uk number. 2 in 2006) put it to parliament to introduce law and they rejected so PM said ignore ruling. Case closed council of Europe 2018 when in 2017 uk gov made proposals that council said complied.
Demmark , Latvia , Sweden and Spain and Switzerland prisoners cs vote.

Title public support for thus in uk.

Australia mandatory voting turnout over 90% Italy use to have it to and turnout was around 90% then got rid of it fell to 73% in 2018
Little support electoral reform wanna fix system and stop challenges like voter iD nit force ppl.

Eu citizen scant even w pre settler statuses which is indefinite leave to remain

Question 26

How many Eu citizens in uk?

Answer 26

3.5-6 mil shows significance of their disenfranchisement.

Question 27

Example of unreliable pressure groups

Answer 27

Animal rights ones like peta or born free foundation exaggerate stats abt the detrimental impacts of animal captivity or don’t balance argument well.

Whereas groups like amnesty international seem to have a more nuanced view on matters informative website .

Question 28

Insulate Britain 2021

Answer 28

Raised awareness
Garnered support
Pressured government

Question 29

Average turnout between. 1945 to 1992

Answer 29

75% with a high of 84% in 1950

Question 30

What groups have lower turnout?

Answer 30

Semi skilled unskilled or unemployed lowest turnout 53% in 2019 and 18-24 around 50% in last 3 election.
Local election and some referendums have been poorer turnout eg. London in mayor and assembly 30% turnout. 2016 45% turnout 2016

Question 31

For Good Friday svr3ement and Scot referendum for independence

Answer 31

81% and 85% Scot

Question 32

Resurgence in party membership

Answer 32

Cons 149k in 2013 to 180k in 2019
Labs 190k in 2013 485k
Greater input form party members eg. Johnson voted leader with 6 % of votes based on 87% turnout of party members.

Question 33

How much have trade unions declined by ?

Answer 33

Form 13.2 mil in 1979 to 6.23 mil in 2016

Question 34

Success of social mivdmdnts and e pets

Answer 34

In 2013 , 139 environmental groups in the uk had a combined membership of 4.5 mil.
Between 2025 and 2019 the parliament run e pet site gathered nearly 23 million signatures.
Eg. 2019 e petitions to revoke article 50 and remain in the 3rd secured over 6 mil signatures and triggered debate in parliament.

Question 35

Examples of groups enhancing minority voices

Answer 35

British stammering association
Runnymede trust ( a race equality think tank )
Suffered against sewage
Nfa ( Nat farmer association) close links with DEFRA addressed badger culling
National auto rust societies “ I exist 0 campaign worked successfully to prusiuade mos t back Gillian’s autism act 2009 so gov regularly reviews a strategy to meet needs of autistic adults in England.
Also regulations to address potential undue influence of lobbyists
Eg. Transparency of livvypting non party campaigning and trade union admin istrafion sct 2014 ( TLNCTUA).

Question 36

Examples groups don’t empower minority groups

Answer 36

May empower elites
Jenrick ( housing secretary ) grants Richard Desmond planning permission in 2020 ( revoked 2021 )
Insutute of economic affairs ( libertarian think tank ) majority of funding from entrepreneurs and businesses some of trusses staff roworked on the IEA and she founded it’s ok,itival wong “freer”.
Centre of policy research a similarly influential right wing think tank.
BMA perhaps countries mist powerful advances doctor interests do not necessarily align w patients. 2023 opposed shadow health secrecy Wes street it’s suggestion that patients be able to refer themselves to nhs facilities without go to act as a gatekeeper. D

Question 37

Evidence interest groups hold Gov accountable

Answer 37

Check on government
Eg. Centre for Social justice influenced coalition gov on universal credit.
Eg, liberty camping against British bil of rights
NUTs (national union of teachers) 2017 campaign ti highlight edecustion cuts led to rise in funding
Runnymede trust gave evidence to education select committee around bias in grade calculations.
Fareshare and rashford

Question 38

Check on government fails

Answer 38

Executive dominance and party disci0line reduces groups access points
,itigatiom in limited in its impact due to parliamentary sovereignty
Gov only listens when already agrees.
Extinctions rebellion and just stop oil have achieved goals of net 0 by 2025 . In fact labour has massively rolled back its 28 billion green investment pledge.
Eg, barred from voting campaign and not got far on prisoners voting rights because the issue lacks support in parliament and general population support.
Can obstruct law making
2020 heaving lobbying. Y spirits alliance and scotch whisky sssocistiom contributed to continued freeze on taxes on spirits

Question 39

Interest groups increased participation and education

Answer 39

Eg. Liberty educates on human rights

Protests have increased from 83 a year in 2007 to 280 a year in 2019

Eg, stop th wear coalitions on Iraq war protests 2003

Students protests 2010-2011

BLM in 2020

Innovative preorders like naked bike ride through London 2015 protesting car culture and oil dependency raised awareness

Recent legislation means they’re more appropriate like police crime courts and sentencing act 2022 stop “public nuisances “ and public order bill 2023 ” nuisances “stop

Question 40

Interest groups don’t educate

Answer 40

May misonform eg. Animal activists
Might be violent
Eg, student protests 2010-2011 and extinction rebelling blockade of London Bridge.
Recent legislation can stop them pccsa202z and public order bill 2023.