Democracy and Participation - Paper 1

Question 1

Democracy and Participation

what was the average vote to turn out between 1945 and 1997?

Answer 1

76%

Question 2

Democracy participation

What was the turnout in the 2024 general election?

Answer 2

59.8%

Question 3

Democracy and participation

Describe how the LGBT rights pressure group Stonewall used it inside a contacts in the new labour government to introduce new laws and policies

Para Point : it can be argued that pressure groups protect rights effectively

Answer 3

Equalising the age of consent for gay and straight individuals to 16 years old as part of the sexual offences act 2000

Question 4

Democracy participation

to pass the sexual offences act 2000 what act had to be invoked to overall the House of Lords of opposition?

Para Point: it can be argued that pressure groups protect rights effectively

Answer 4

The parliament acts of 1911 and 1949

Question 5

Democracy participation

What outside of pressure group campaign for the rights of refugees in the UK threatened with deportation to Rwanda?

Para Point: it can be argued that pressure groups protect rights effectively

Answer 5

Care4Calais

Question 6

How did Care4Calais argue that it was unsafe to send people to Rwanda?

Para Point: it can be argued that pressure groups protect rights effectively

Answer 6

It violated the human rights act due to factors such as discriminatory access to asylum for different groups, especially LGBT people

Question 7

Democracy participation

When did Care4Calais have notable success in their campaign as a pressure group?

Para Point: it can be argued that pressure groups protect rights effectively

Answer 7

• On the 14th of June 2022
• when the first deportation flight to Rwanda was emptied one by one
• due to successful human rights legal challenges and the European court of human rights

Question 8

Democracy participation

What act shows civil Liberty pressure groups having limited effectiveness because governments ultimately make the final decision on legislation?

Para Point: counter arguments to pressure groups protecting rights effectively

Answer 8

The policing crime sentencing and court act 2022

Question 9

Democracy participation

Describe the protests surrounding the police in crime sentencing and courts act of 2022

Para Point: counter arguments to pressure groups protecting rights effectively

Answer 9

• Under the slogan #KillTheBill
• And major criticisms from human rights groups, including liberty

Question 10

Democracy participation

What pressure group show shows that campaigns about unpopular causes have limited success?

Para Point: counter arguments to pressure groups protecting rights effectively

Answer 10

The Howard league for penal reform

Question 11

Democracy participation

Describe how the Howard leave for penal reform shows that campaigns about unpopular causes have limited success

Para Point: counter arguments to pressure groups protecting rights effectively

Answer 11

• Limited success in advocating for the rights of prisoners in the UK because the rights of convicted Criminals don’t make popular causes
• They have been unsuccessful for example in convincing the government to grant prisoners as the vote

Question 12

Democracy participation

What did Gordon Brown’s government introduce?

Para Point: the government/parliament can pass legislation to protect Rights and Parliament can hold the government to account

Answer 12

The 2010 equality act

Question 13

Democracy participation

What did the coalition government legalise despite it not being mentioned in the conservative parties 2010 manifesto?

Para Point: the government/parliament can pass legislation to protect Rights and Parliament can hold the government to account

Answer 13

Same-sex marriage in 2013

Question 14

Democracy and participation

What government measure threatened individual rights but can be justified as it protects collective rights?

Para Point: the government/parliament can pass legislation to protect Rights and Parliament can hold the government to account

Answer 14

The removal of freedom of movement during COVID-19 lockdowns

Question 15

Democracy and participation

What thinker in relation to collective rights emphasise the general will over individualism?

Para Point: the government/parliament can pass legislation to protect Rights and Parliament can hold the government to account

Answer 15

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Question 16

Democracy and participation

Which bill did Parliament vote down which prevented the government from encroaching human rights?

Para Point: the government/parliament can pass legislation to protect Rights and Parliament can hold the government to account

Answer 16

• In 2005 the House of Commons and House of Lords voted down Tony Blair proposal to allow the police to hold terrorist suspects for 90 days without a charge
• With a compromise eventually passed at 28 days

Question 17

Democracy and participation

How does the policing crime sentencing and court act of 2022 evidence and act which threatens individual rights?

Para Point: the government/parliament can pass laws which threaten rights including to protect collective over individual rights

Answer 17

Gives greater power to the police and criminal justice system tempo restrictions on “Unacceptable protest”

Question 18

Democracy and participation

What does the police in crime sentencing and court act 2022? Allow the home secretary to do?

Para Point: the government/parliament can pass laws which threaten rights including to protect collective over individual rights

Answer 18

To define certain protest as ‘unacceptable’ such as protest in the ‘buffer zone’ of parliament
Criticise for impeding freedom of speech and the right to protest in the UK

Question 19

Democracy and participation

How did the public order act 2023? Continue this attack on the right protest?

Para Point: the government/parliament can pass laws which threaten rights including to protect collective over individual rights

Answer 19

• By introducing new offences such as “locking on” and interfering with national infrastructure
• which are punishable by imprisonment or unlimited fines

Question 20

Democracy and participation

Under the new legislation of the public order act 2023 what did the Metropolitan police do?

Para Point: the government/parliament can pass laws which threaten rights including to protect collective over individual rights

Answer 20

On October 30, 2023 the Metropolitan police police swiftly intervened a Just Stop Oil ‘slow march’ around Parliament Square
Arresting over 60 activist within a minute under the new legislation

Question 21

Democracy and participation

What does section 7 of the public order act 2023 include?

Para Point: the government/parliament can pass laws which threaten rights including to protect collective over individual rights

Answer 21

Prohibits activities Interfering with the use of key national infrastructure

Question 22

Democracy and participation

How have new labour government responses to the high profile terrorist attack of the 2000 shown that individual rights have often not been effectively protected by the government?

Para Point: the government/parliament can pass laws which threaten rights including to protect collective over individual rights

Answer 22

• The government argued that they had the right to detain our suspects without a child on the ground that a national emergency existed
• They justified this by arguing it’s necessary to protect public safety and collective rights over individual rights

Question 23

Democracy and participation

How did the law lords in December 2004, rule on the new labour governments response to high profile terrorist attacks of the 2000s, where they argued that the right to deter suspect without a trial on the grounds That a national Emergency existed?

Para Point: the government/parliament can pass laws which threaten rights including to protect collective over individual rights

Answer 23

• They ruled it discriminatory and ended it
• But it was ultimately replaced by a law introduced a system of control orders that enable suspects to be closely monitored included through electronic tagging

Question 24

Democracy and participation

What act passed by the new labour Government means that the European conventional and human rights is now part of UK law?

Para Point: it can be argued that the judiciary and human rights act protect rights effectively

Answer 24

The human rights act 1998

Question 25

# Democracy and participation How does a human rights act evidence that rights are being protected effectively? ## Footnote Para Point: it can be argued that the judiciary and human rights act protect rights effectively

Answer 25

* Individuals can now take their cases to domestic courts for British protection rather than having to go to Strasborg * The UK has developed a rights based culture * All new legislation has been compliant with the act and judges can declare early act of parliament incompatible with it

Question 26

# Democracy And participation What committee scrutinises bills to ensure They are compatible with the human rights act also demonstrating the persuasive influence of the human Right act? ## Footnote Para Point: it can be argued that the judiciary and human rights act protect rights effectively

Answer 26

The Joint committee on human rights in parliament

Question 27

# Democracy and participation What case was declared incompatible with article 5 and 14 of the human rights act? ## Footnote Para Point: it can be argued that the judiciary and human rights act protect rights effectively

Answer 27

In A V Secretary of State for the home department Part of the anti terrorism, crime and security act 2001

Question 28

# Democracy and participation What act was introduced by Parliament to fix the fact that In A V Secretary of State for the home department Part of the anti terrorism, crime and security act 2001 Was declared incompatible with articles 5 and 14 of the human rights act? ## Footnote Para Point: it can be argued that the judiciary and human rights act protect rights effectively

Answer 28

The prevention of terrorism act 2000

Question 29

# Democracy and participation On what grounds was part of the anti-terrorism crime and security act of 2001, In the case of A versus secretary state for the home department declared incompatible with Articles 5 and 14 of the human rights act? ## Footnote Para PointFor: it can be argued that the judiciary and human rights act protect rights effectively

Answer 29

By permitting, the detention of suspected international terrorist in a way that discriminated on the grounds of nationality or immigration status

Question 30

# Democracy and participation What example shows the government changing the law to make their action illegal when the judiciary has declared illegal? ## Footnote Para Point: counter arguments to the judiciary and human rights act protecting rights effectively

Answer 30

* The migration partnership with Rwanda in April 2022 * then came the safety of Rwanda act passed in April 2024

Question 31

# Democracy and Participation Describe the transition of the migration partnership with the Rwanda in April 2022, To the passage of the safety of Rwanda act in April of 2024 ## Footnote Para Point: counter arguments to the judiciary and human rights act protecting rights effectively

Answer 31

* The Supreme Court ruled it was illegal in November 2023 * The core found the policy on lawful, citing inadequacy in Rwanda's asylum system * The policy was against the human rights act and the 1951 refugee convention * The UK government pushed through parliament and all that made their one policy consistent with domestic law * The safety of Rwanda act states that Rwanda must be considered a safe country for asylum seekers

Question 32

# Democracy and participation How do critics on the right criticise the human rights act for favouring undeserving individuals? ## Footnote Para Point: counter arguments to the judiciary and human rights act protecting rights effectively

Answer 32

* Abu Qatada radical Muslim cleric who had advocated to the use of violence to promote Islamist cause has spent some time in British jails * Was wanted by security services to be deported to Jordan where he was wanted for trial * His legal advisor managed to delay this for eight years on the ground he might be tried using evidence obtained through torture a breach of the HRA.

Question 33

# Democracy and participation