Democracy and Dictatorship

Question 1

1) What was Germany like before the first world war?

Answer 1

Kaiser - Appoints the chancellor.
Responsible for armed forces and foreign affairs.
Chancellor - Has power over policies.
Answerable only to the kaiser.
Reichstag - Discuss and vote on laws drawn by the kaiser and his minister.

Question 2

1) Kaiser Wilhem II’s aims

Answer 2

Kaiser Wilhem’s aims

1) Be in world politics (he wanted respect and to be taken seriously).
2) He wanted a place in the sun (take over Africa).
3) Turn Germany into a trading nation.

Question 3

1)How would the kaiser achieve his aims?

Answer 3

How would the kaiser achieve his aims?
Kaiser embarked on a policy of industrialisation.

1st naval law - ordered the creation of 19 battleships.
2nd naval law - increased the fleet to 38 battleships.

Question 4

1) impact of the first word war

Answer 4

• The German people turned against the Kaiser because there was less food and all they wanted was peace.
• The people had set up councils.
• 28th Oct 1918: The kaiser ordered the sailors to attack British ships but they refused.
• The kaiser lost support from his army.
• The kaiser was forced to abdicate.

Question 5

1) Political impact of war.

Answer 5

Political impact of war.

- Many ex soldiers and civilians felt Germany had been betrayed by the November Criminals.

Question 6

1) economic impact of war

Answer 6

Economic impact of war

• Germany lent money to allies and didn’t know if they were going to get it back.
• Germany borrowed money from USA and would have to repay it.
• The national income was a third of what it had been in 1913.

Question 7

1) social impact of war

Answer 7

Social impact of war.

• Women were sent to work in factories (untraditional).
• 600,000 women were left widows.
• 2 million children were left without fathers.

Question 8

weimar republic

Answer 8

Elections were held in Germany and Friedrich Ebert’s party won (Social Democracy Party), making him Germany’s first ever president.

Question 9

proportional representation

Answer 9

• Communists, National People’s Party, DNVP and Nazi’s did not support the new deocratic way Germany was governed.
• Communists thought Germany should be a communist country, run by the workers and not by parliament.
• DNVP wanted a strong government led by one politician.

Question 10

Nazis

Answer 10

• Wanted Germany to be a great nation.
• Wanted greater military power.
• Hated democracy.
• Wanted a strong government led by one man.
• Hated communism.
• They believed that some races and nations were better than others.

Question 11

Spartacist uprising

Answer 11

• The Free Corps were German soldiers who were returning home.
• They hated communism.
• The government made them attack the spartacist league.
• Two leaders of the spartacist league were murdered. 500 others were also killed.
• The murderers were given a short sentence.
• The government supported them.

Question 12

1) ToV

Answer 12

Treaty of versailles
War guilt: diktat, kaiser abdicated, humiliation, austria-hungary declared war first.
Reparations: £6.6 billion
Loss of land: Rhineland, alsace and lorraine, polish corridor, saar, no colonies, anschluss.
Military restrictions: 100,000 army, 15,000 navy, 6 battleships, no air force,conscription and submarines.

Question 13

Invasion of the Ruhr and hyperinflation

Answer 13

Invasion of the Ruhr and hyperinflation
1919 - Reparations: £6.6 billion.
1921 - Germany paid its first instalment in gold, iron, and coal to France and Belgium.
1922 - Germany declared that they could not afford to pay the second instalment.
1923 - France and Belgium invaded Ruhr.

• Workers went on strike.
• French worked in factories.
• German officials, workers and police officers were evicted from the Ruhr.
• Because the Ruhr had stopped producing goods, Germany was running short of money, the value of the mark dropped.
• Government started printing more money to pay striking workers.
• Hyperinflation.

Impact of hyperinflation
The German Chancellor, Gustav Stresemann, attempted to bring the country back to normality by calling off the strike and agreeing to pay reparations.
People with savings in the bank lost everything.
Small businesses collapsed.
People with debts easily pay off debt.

Question 14

Kapp putsch

Answer 14

Kapp putsch
One right wing group led by Wolfgang Kapp, gathered 5000 men from the Freecorps and took over Berlin.
The government fled from Berlin.
Kapp didn’t have the workers’ support as they went on strike.
This resulted in no water, gas, electricity or trains.
After 100 hours, kapp fled and the government returned.
Kapp was trying to take over the whole country, make the army strong and recover what Germany lost .

Question 15

Red ruhr uprising

Answer 15

March 1920.
left wing group.
After Kapp fled, left-wing workers stayed on strike.
They rose up and took over several towns.
The government in Berlin sent soldiers and Freecorps to put down the rebellion.
Over 1000 workers were killed.
They wanted to be run by a communist.

Question 16

Assasination of the november criminals

Answer 16

Assasination of the november criminals
August 1921.
Right wing group.
Treaty of Versailles was signed in november.
Matthias Erzberger (signed armistice in 1918).
He was shot by a right wing group.
The foreign minister was also killed.
They threw acid on important politicians.
As the judges were on their side they had short sentences.
Erzberger was killed because he was the one who surrendered for Germany in the war.
These men were killed because they were a part of the government.
People blamed them for humiliating Germany and for the ToV.

Question 17

Problems the government faced from uprisings.

Answer 17

Problems the government faced from uprisings.
Government fled when kapp took over.
The government had to send soldiers and Freecorps to ruhr (Red rising).
Members of the Weimar government were killed.

Question 18

Munich Putsch

Answer 18

Munich putsch
General Ludendroff - High ranking German army General.
Gustav von kahr - important weimar politician.
Munich - city in germany

Hitler wanted General Ludendroff’s support because he wanted to rule the country.
He wanted someone with a military background.

Hitler treated von kahr as a prisoner because he wanted his support.
When ludendorff joined with Hitler, other people also supported him.

The weimar public found out.
Hitler and his men went to ministries to force them to give him authority.
Weimar republic sent their soldiers to stop the nazis.

19 people were killed.
Hitler got shot in the arm and was arrested for treason.
Nazis were forced to disperse and abondon the plan.

Hitler gave a speech on trial which people believed and supported.
He had a fine of 200 gold marks and 5 years in prison.
He was let out after 9 months.
Hitler got a lenient punishment because the judge believed what he said.

Question 19

Weimar republic recovery under Gustav Stresemann: HYPERINFLATION

Answer 19

Hyperinflation
called off strike.
Workers started working again.
Introduced new currency.
Hyperinflation ended.
Prices of goods became affordable.
New currency
People lost all their savings

Question 20

Weimar republic recovery under Gustav Stresemann: OCCUPATION OF THE RUHR

Answer 20

Start paying reparations.

Young plan - reparation reduced to £2.2 billion.
Given longer to pay.

Dawes plan - USA loans 800 million gold marks.
Reparations were reduced and more affordable.

Had longer to pay.
Had to repay with interest.

Question 21

Weimar republic recovery under Gustav Stresemann: HOSTILITY TOWARDS GERMANY

Answer 21

Locarno treaties, 1925
Kellogg-briand pact, 1928
Germany was allowed to join LoN in 1926.
Improve relations.
Countries viewed Germany as peaceful.
Hitler abolished ToV.
Germany left LoN when hitler came into power.

Question 22

Weimar republic recovery under Gustav Stresemann: POOR INFRASTRUCTURE

Answer 22

USA built factories in Germany (Gillette and Ford)
New jobs.
Improve german economy.
GD - too reliant on USA.
USA can close factories.

Question 23

Germanys golden age

Answer 23

Germany under the Kaiser was heavily censored.
However, this changed during the Weimar republic.

Nightlife:
Germany became the centre for new plays, operas and theatre shows during this time.
Going to clubs was a major pass time.
Musicians performed vulgar songs about politicians.
Berlin was famous for its nightclubs with live bands that played American Jazz.

Literature:
Writing became a big business, people had 120 newspapers and magazines to choose from.

Art:
Avant-garde artists believed that art should show the realities of everyday life and should make people think.
They often painted in a way that criticised current events.

Design:
A new group of designers and architects, known as bauhaus.
They designed everything from chairs to coffee pots to office buildings in simple and practical designs.

Question 24

Growth of the nazi party: the depression

Answer 24

The depression
The banks crashed because 20,000 businesses collapsed.
People lost their savings and voted for their nazi party.
Number of votes for Nazi party increases when unemployment increases and vice versa.

Question 25

Growth of the nazi party: Germans unhappiness with the weimar republic

Answer 25

Germans were unhappy with the Weimar government.
The rich and poor would be affected.
Rich would have to give their land away.
Taxes were raised and there were no benefits.
Government employee salaries reduced.
Everyone lost something.

Question 26

growth of the nazi party: the appeal of adolf hitler

Answer 26

Hitler tells the storm troopers to use violence on the streets.
He told the public he would stop the violence.
He told the working class they give him courage.
He’s promising them jobs and giving them hope.
He told the middle class he would get rid of communism.
They didn’t want communism as they worked hard.
Hitler asked the rich for a lot of money and he would give them a disciplined workforce and get rid of communism.

Question 27

growth of the nazi party: fear of communism

Answer 27

Hitler got support from the rich.
He wanted them to give him money.
Get rid of communism.

Question 28

Growth of the Nazi party: nazi structure

Answer 28

Nazi party, structure, methods and tactics
Hitler was able to spread his message through the use of effective propaganda.
Hotler took this opportunity to blame the jews and the communists for Germany’s problems and criticised the politicians who signed the shameful ToV.

Question 29

Hitlers appointment as chancellor

Answer 29

Hitlers appointment as chancellor
President Hindenburg appointed Franz von papen as chancellor.
A general election was held in July 1932 because von paper found he didn’t have enough support in the Reichstag.

Hitler was refused the chancellorship in july 1932 because Hindenburg despised hitler and thought he was unworthy.
Nazis got 230 seats.
Nazis were disruptive and violent.

Von Papen called for another election when he resigned (november 1932).
He gained fewer votes than in the last election.

kurt von schleicher became chancellor but he failed to get a majority in the Reichstag.
Hindenburg was forced to make Hitler the chancellor in January 1933.
Hitler was more popular.

Hindenburg tried to limit Hitler’s power by making Von papen as vice chancellor and restricted the nazis in the cabinet to 2.

Question 30

the reichstag fire

Answer 30

The reichstag fire

Marinus van der Lubbe set fire to the Reichstag.
He was sentenced to death.

27 Feb 1933 - the Reichstag (German Parliament) was burned down.

The communists were blamed for the fire because a Dutch communist, van der lubbe, was found in the building as it burned.

Hitler used the fire to his advantage.

He expelled the communists from parliament and imprisoned many communist leaders.
This stopped them campaigning prior to the March election.

He announced that the country was in danger from the communists.
This encouraged many to vote for the Nazis.

Question 31

Night of the long knives

Answer 31

Night of the long knives

Summer 1933 - Ernest Rohm was still the leader of the SA.
Even though Hitler’s dictatorship was nearly complete.

Hitler said: ‘The SA are giving us a bad name by causing chaos and violence’.
Hitler did not like the fact that he couldn’t control the SA.

Hitler was afraid. He wanted a professional army. Rohm was trying to challenge his leadership. Rohm had over 2 million men.

Hitler wanted to replace the SA with the SS.
Rumour: Rohm and other SA leaders are plotting against Hitler and planning to seize power immediately.

Rohm criticising Hitler when drunk: ‘Adolf is a swine. He is getting matey with the old generals who are a lot of old fogeys. Adolf know what i want. Im the start of a new army.’

30 june 1934 - Hitler used the SS to arrest abd shoot the SA.
Hitler personally arrested Rohm.

200 were killed, not only SA members but other enemies of Hitler like the previous chancellor, von schleicher.

Hitler and the Reichstag: ‘I acted swiftly to save the nation from a civil war’.
The reichstag, mostly Nazi’s accepted this without question.

Question 32

Hindenburg’s death

Answer 32

Hindenburg’s death

In August 1934, Hindenburg died.
Hitler combined the offices of president and chancellor to become the Fuhrer of Germany.

Question 33

Reich entailed food law

Answer 33

Reich entailed food law
Introduced because the Nazis believed that farmers were the basis of the Aryan race.
As a result, their way of life had to be protected.
Farmers were protected.
They would never lose their land or job.
Eldest child gets the farm - stays in the family.
Banks may not always get paid.
Eldest child does not get a choice.

Question 34

Reich food estate

Answer 34

Reich food estate 1933
A government body set up in Nazi Germany to regulate food production.
Farmers are going to make money.
Farmers profit wouldn’t be much because the central board is also getting some money.

Question 35

strength through joy

Answer 35

People would want to work.
Try their best to go places.
Costs money
People who couldn’t work miss out on the opportunity,
Some rewards weren’t accessible to everyone

Question 36

beauty of labour

Answer 36

Have better working conditions.
More facilities.
Want to work
Losing money.

Question 37

volkswagon factory

Answer 37

New jobs.
People would get cars.
Costs money.
Hitler may not pay workers enough.
Bad for the environment.

Question 38

car saving scheme

Answer 38

New jobs.
People would get cars.
Expensive
Had to wait a long time.
Money could be used elsewhere.
Turned out to be a scam.

Question 39

1) conscription

Answer 39

Conscription
Hitler openly began to rearm Germany in 1935 and introduced conscription.

The country would upgrade their weapons.
Prepared for war.
More jobs.
Conscription meant war.
Might not want to be part of it for moral reasons.
Breaking the ToV.

Question 40

Healthcare: alcoholics and smoking

Answer 40

Healthcare: alcoholics and smoking
Alcoholics: humiliated by having their heads shaved and sent to concentration camps.
Smoking: The Nazi government were the first in the world to recognise that smoking caused cancer and the first to introduce regular screening of women for breast cacer.

Nazi employment schemes resulted in the number of people unemployed in Germany falling from 6 million in 1933 to just 302,000 by 1939. (Part timers were counted as full time).

Hitler did not include:
Women (believed they should be at home)
Jews (believed they weren’t humans)

Question 41

self sufficiency

Answer 41

Self sufficiency

Hjalmar Schacht was a respected banker.
Hitler appointed him as minister of economics in 1933.

He made deals with other countries because he needed raw materials which weren’t in Germany for making weapons.

Hermann Goerig replaced Schacht.
He was also Hitlers oldest and most loyal colleague.

The four year plan was to get Germany ready for war.
It was to increase military production - also created jobs.

Steel and explosives productions were very successful.
Oil production was not.
After 3 years, they realised that they were not ready for war.

Farmers were important to Nazi’s as they wanted to be self sufficient.
Farmers looked after crops and animals - milk, eggs and wool.
30% of the population were farmers.

How did Germany become self-sufficient?
Grow their own crops
Made their own things
Made jobs (less unemployment)
Started making weapons.
Found alternatives.

Question 42

1) impact of wwII

Answer 42

Impact of WWII

September 1939 - Germany successfully invaded poland.
September 1940 - Germany invaded Holland, Belgium and France.
Summer 1940 - The Battle of Britain didn’t go according to plan and abandoned the plan.
April 1941 - Nazi’s focused on Balkans - hitler saw them as inferior.
June 1941 - Germany invaded Russia.
1941 - 1943 - German troops fought against Russian troops.
Feb 1943 - battle at stalingrad. 80,000 Germans died and admitted defeat.
Jan 1945 - allied troops invaded Germany.
1945 - Hitler committed suicide and Nazi’s were forced to surrender.

Question 43

1) Bombing of dresden

Answer 43

Bombing of Dresden

Dresden was bombed because it had industrial importance (weapons).
Most of the city was bombed about 70%.
It is estimated that Allied bombing throughout the war left
half a million German civilians dead
750,000 injured
7.5 million were made homeless.

Question 44

1) bombing of hamburgh

Answer 44

Bombing of Hamburgh

Hamburg, the second largest city in Germany, was bombed by Britain and America because of its naval importance and because it was strategically close to Britain.  carpet bombing of the city resulted in half the city being destroyed and 45,000 civilians killed.
Reasons:
Ship building
Port city
Close and convenient
2nd largest city.
Consequences:
Incendiary bombs caused fires
45,000 people were killed.
Almost half the city destroyed,
1 million refugees fled Hamburg.

Question 45

Bombing

Answer 45

Bombings:
In East Germany, 3 million civilians were fleeing from the advancing Russian army, but they received no help from the retreating German army. With no transport easily available (priority was given to German troops), many were forced to walk hundreds of miles, with attendant cold, hunger and disease. Over half a million civilians died making the journey to the west. When they reached their destination, they found cities devastated by bombing and chronic food shortages.

Question 46

Rationing

Answer 46

With Britain bombing German ships carrying food and goods into the country, the country was experiencing severe food shortages. Consequently, clothes, soap, toilet paper, meat, paper, coffee and sugar were rationed. Hot water was limited to two days per week and people were limited to one egg per week. Clever alternatives were used:
Coffee made of roasted barley and acorns.
Instead of soap, they would boil pine leaves and bathe with the water.
Bread was made of leaves, rye grains, sugar beets and saw dust.

Question 47

1) Nazis and the young people

Answer 47

Nazis and the young people
Youth organisations were made compulsory to join in 1936.
How did the swing youth and the Edelveise show their hatred towards Nazi’s?
Beat up Nazi officials
Refuse to obey Nazis.
Graffitied on walls
Hung around
Listened to Jazz music (black americans)
Dance outrageously
Girls wore makeup (hitler wanted women to be modest)
Broke curfews and smokes.
Nazi’s forced them to work in concentration camps and if they refused they were publicly hanged.
How the Nazi’s affected the youth?
Hitler targeted young children because they didn’t know anything else.
They were vulnerable and easy to brainwash.
Hitler indoctrinated children because he wanted a 1000 year Recih and the children were the next generation.
1000 year reich: nazi’s to rule Germnay for a thousand years.
Children were told to spy on everyone.
Children learnt to hate jews.
Learnt the disabled people shouldn’t exist.

Question 48

Hitler youth movement

Question 49

1) Women in nazi germany

Answer 49

Women in nazi germany
Under 1 million births by 1933 compared to over 2 million in 1900.

To achieve the policy of Lebensborn the Nazi’s awarded medals to women he gave birth to a number of children.
They had interest free loans of up to 1000 reichsmark.
Contraception and abortion were banned.

Lebensborn centres were established.
Racially approved Aryan women were matched with SS men - to encourage women to have Aryan children.

Annual ceremonies were held all over Germany to reward women:
4 children - bronze
6 children - silver
8 children - gold.
This would encourage them to have children.

Interest free loans of up to 1000 reichsmark for young married couples on condition that the wife gave up work.
A quarter of the loan was cancelled each time a child was born.

Conscription for wwII stopped women from having kids.
They were busy doing men’s jobs and didn’t have much time to have kids and look after them.

Women who had a disabled child, a history of mental illness, hereditary diseases or antisocial behaviour.
Contraception and abortion was forced upon them.
If a child had a disease, he was killed.

1933: 970,000 babies born.
1939: 1.4 million babies born.
Lebensborn was a success as the population increased.

Question 50

Nazis and christianity

Answer 50

Nazism
Nazi’s believed in revenge and violence; not love,
Believed some races were superior.
Hated the weak and vulnerable.
Didn't have a religion; follow Hitler.

Christianity 
Believed in love and forgiveness.
Believed in equality.
No discrimintaion.
Believed in God and Jesus’ teachings.

Question 51

Nazis and the church

Answer 51

Concordat was signed
Hitler broke the concordat
Catholic priests were arrested and catholic youth clubs and schools were shut down.
The pope issued a statement criticising the Nazis but it had little effect.

Archbishop Galen openly criticised the Nazis for their use of concentration camps, euthanasia and terror tactics.
The Nazis temporarily stopped the policy of euthanasia.
Galen was placed under house arrest.

The confessional church, under the leadership of pastor Martin neimoller openly criticised the Nazis.
800 pastors from the confessional church were arrested, niemoller was imprisoned.
Confessional church.

Question 52

1) persecution of racial groups

Answer 52

Persecution of racial groups

In families where there were hereditary illnesses, sterilisation was enforced.
Over 300,000 men and women were compulsorily sterilised.
At least 5,000 mentally disabled children and babies were killed either by injection or starvation.
72,000 mentally ill patients were gassed before a public outcry in Germany brought this to an end.
5 / 6 gipsies living in Germany were killed.

Question 53

Nuremburg laws

Answer 53

Nuremberg laws

The Nuremberg Laws were laws which were passed by the Nazis that targeted Jews and placed restrictions upon their movements, rights and lives. They were passed on 15th September 1935.

Question 54

kristallnacht

Answer 54

Kristallnacht (night of the broken glass)
In november 1938, a young Jew shot dead a Nazi official in Paris.
In response and revenge, on 9th and 10th november, Jewish shops and businesses in Germany were attacked.
Homes were ransacked and synagogues were burned.
100 Jews were killed.
10,000 Jewish shops were targeted and 20,000 people were arrested and sent to concentration camps.

The jewish community were further punished by being ordered to pay a fine of 1 billion reichsmark.
They had to pay because they were renting the building from non-jewish Germans.

They were also forced to scrub the streets clean.
Many Germans watched the event with alarm.
The nazi controlled press presented the Kristallnacht as the spontaneous reaction of ordinary Germans against Jews.
Most Germans did not believe this but hardly protested.
The few who did were brutally murdered.

Question 55

Holocasut

Answer 55

Holocaust
Gas vans, random killings, ghettos and extermination camps.

Random killings were used to systematically kill Jews between 1941 and 1944 – Jews were ordered to dig their graves, strip and were then randomly shot as they attempted to run away. In just one month, 38,000 Jewish people were executed in this way.

During the interim, ghettos were established to separate Jews and other non –Aryans from the rest of the German population. Jews were responsible for the day-to-day running of ghettos; however, Nazis were in overall control of them. Food was scarce and had to be rationed. Many people looked in bins to sustain themselves. Those who fought back were immediately killed and to serve as a deterrent, people were randomly shot by the Nazis. Many were forced to work factories making goods for the Nazis during the war

Final Solution:
The term ‘final solution of the Jewish Question’ was a euphemism used by Nazi Germany’s leaders. It referedd to the mass murder of Europe’s jews. It brought an end to policies aimed at encouraging or forcing Jews to leave the German Reich and other parts of Europe. Those policies were replaced by systematic annihilation.

It is estimated that more than 6 million Jews were killed during the Holocaust.

Question 56

Censorship and propaganda

Answer 56

Censorship and propaganda
Propaganda was used powerfully by Joseph Goebbels (head of Nazi propaganda) to portray a more positive image of Hitler and the Nazi Party.
The Nazis controlled what was seen, heard and read in Germany through the Chamber of Culture – an organisation all musicians, writers, authors, actors and artists had to be members of. Nothing could contradict the message of Nazi propaganda – everything Hitler did was in the best interests of the country.

Question 57

Berlin olympics

Answer 57

Berlin olympics
The Nazi’s used the olympics as propaganda.
Hitler wanted to show that Germany was a peaceful country.
For 1 month Jews were not persecuted.
One Hew was allowed in the Olympics to show diversity.

Propaganda was aimed at the whole world.
He wants to show that the Aryan race was superior.

Hitler wasn’t successful because a black man from America won and Hitler believed the black race was inferior.

All anti-Jewish posters were removed from Germany and the persecution of Jews stopped during this event. One token Jewish athlete represented Germany. Hitler used the Olympics to showcase the superiority of the Aryan race, but was upstaged by Jesse Owens, a Black American athlete, in the 200m finals.

Question 58

Triumph of the will

Answer 58

Triumph of the will
A documentary broadcasted in Germany portraying Hitler.
16 years of suffering - ToV.
19 months of rebirth. Hitler came into power in 1933.
Showing that Hitler is superior.
Showing he was ordered by the people and he loves kids.

Question 59

Censorship

Answer 59

Books
Joseph Geobbels (Nazi) had to approve
Books that didnt adhere to nazi message would be punished.
If they were already punished they would be burnt.
Genres of books: praising nazis and glorifying Hitler.
News-papers
Positive thing about Nazis.
Anti-nazi newspapers were banned.
Jewish journalists and editors were sacked/killed.
Radio
Nazi’s were in charge of radio stations.
Non-nazi radio stations were banned, 1934.
They made sure everyone would listen to the radio by making it cheap.
Foreign radio was banned, anyone caught listening to it was killed.
Films
Nazi’s ensured their message was followed.
Mocked Jews.
Geobbels had to approve of the plot.
Genres: war and politics.
Anything that mocked the Jews and glorified Hitler.
Music
Jazz was not allowed (made by black people - inferior).
Types of music allowed: marching, classical and glorifying Hitler.

Question 60

Nazi police state

Answer 60

Nazis
The Nazis created a climate of fear through effectively establishing a police state.

Police
The police role is to make sure people follow laws set by law courts.

Gestapo
Gestapos role is to spy on people.
The impact of the Gestapo is to make people conscious of what they are doing as they spy on you.

Concen-tration camp
The role of the concentration camp were set up to ‘correct people’, who were not doing what the Nazi’s wanted.
Inmates were forced to work hard and some were even tortured or worked to death.

SS & SD
The SS make sure everyone is loyal to hitler.
The SD was to protect hitler and eliminate enemies.

Question 61

Police and the law courts

Answer 61

Police and the Law Courts
All under Nazi control
Ignored crimes of Nazis
Top jobs given to Nazis
Death penalty could be given for telling an anti-Hitler joke, sleeping with a Jew and listening to a foreign radio station

Question 62

Schutzstaffel (SS)

Answer 62

Schutzstaffel (SS)
Ran concentration and extermination camps
Could arrest, search homes and seize property
Policed and spied on the Nazi Party
Night of the Long Knives

Question 63

Methods of opposing hitler

Answer 63

Resistance and opposition
By the 1940s, opposition was increasing.

Methods of opposing the Nazi’s include:
Making jokes
Saying spiteful remarks
Refusing to salute to Hitler.

Question 64

The white rose group

Answer 64

The white rose group

As a teenager, Hans Schotl was a member of the Hitler Youth.
Sophie Schotl joined the league of German girls.
They both doubted everything the Nazis taught them.

They opposed them by putting anti-nazi leaflets all over munich.

June 1942-Feb 1943: the group made more anti-nazi leaflets and graffitied on buildings.
They didn’t believe what hitler was doing was right.

Feb 18 1943: Sophie and Hans bought a suitcase of leaflets to the university.
A custodian noticed and reported them to gestapo.

When they pleaded guilty, they were immediately led to court and sentenced to death by guillotine.

Question 65

The july bomb plot

Answer 65

Germans were losing battles in WWII.

Military generals blamed Hitler for this and wanted to remove him from power.

The purpose of july bomb plot was to get rid of Hitler.

Claus von Stauffenber carried out the JBP.

The july bomb plot failed because Hitler was saved.

Consequence:
Fritzreck was arrestested.
5000 Germans lost their lives.

Question 66

1910s

Answer 66

What was germany like before the first world war
Kaiser Wilhems aim and industrialization.

1914 - 1918 : First world war

1919 : Weimar republic
Spartacist uprising
ToV

Question 67

1920s

Answer 67

1920s : Germany’s golden age

1920 : Kapp Putsch
Red ruhr uprising

1921 : Assasination of the november criminals

1923 : Invasion of the Ruhr and Hyperinflation
Munich putsch

1924 - 1929 : Gustave Stresemann

Question 68

1930s

Answer 68

1930s : The growth of the nazi party
Economic and social policies
Women in nazi germany
Persecution of racial groups

1933 : Hitlers appointment as chancellor
The reichstag fire
Self sufficiency
Concordat signed

1934 : Night of the long knives
Hindenburg’s death

1935 : Nuremberg laws

1936 : Youth organisations made compulsory
Berlin olympics

1938 : kristallnacht

1939 - 1945 : World war II

Question 69

1940s

Answer 69

1939 - 1945 : World war II
                      Bombing of dresden
                      Bombing of Hamburgh 
                      Rationing
                      Holocausst 

1943 : the white rose group

1944 : the july bomb plot