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politics > Democracy > Flashcards

Democracy Flashcards

1
Q

civil rights

A

they are given to you by the government. some of them are right to vote, form trade unions and right to fair trial

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2
Q

Magna Carta

A

made in 1215 its very outdated however provided the right to fair trail and unlawful seizure of property. king had to abide by the law. only applied to rich/nobles

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3
Q

European convention of human rights

A

made in 1950 enforced by the court in Strasbourg after horrors of ww2 however not passed by labour government until 1998

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4
Q

the equality act

A

made in 2010 brought all the rights under one act and protected minorities

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5
Q

controversial rights

A

right to strike, form trade unions, engage in business without state intervention

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6
Q

human rights act

A

made in 1998 but not put in place until 2000. it incorporated the human rights act into British law

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7
Q

weaknesses of the human rights act

A

sometimes criminals can use it to get out of trouble

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8
Q

equality of opportunity

A

society should find a way to reduce advantages and privileges

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9
Q

what is a pressure group

A

a group seeking influence over government policy or business activity to secure the interests of their members and supporters

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10
Q

sectional groups

A

interest groups such as doctors or train drivers

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11
Q

outsider groups

A

those who have not direct involvement with the government due to their methods

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12
Q

indirect action

A

publicity, leaflets, adverts, petitions

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13
Q

direct action

A

lobbying, protest, boycotts, civil disobedience

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14
Q

why are pressure groups successful

A

.lots of members/resources (RSPCA)
.public support
.if the government would listen

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15
Q

the left

A

Looking at society as a whole and that governments should focus on promoting fairness and equality. Favours an active role for government. Tend to have a more relaxed liberal position on social and moral matters.

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16
Q

the right

A

Focuses on the individual and what he can do for himself. Fairness and equality should develop naturally and not be forced by the government. Tend to have a more conservative and traditional approach to social and moral matters.

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17
Q

pluralism

A

where every group in society is represented in the overall decision making progress

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18
Q

democratic deficit

A

this is where although people can vote for their leaders the leaders don’t always act in their interests

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19
Q

participation crisis

A

where people have become so disinterested in politics that they take no part in it

20
Q

think tanks

A

generally academic organisations that think about devising or creating policy to put forward and suggest to political parties

21
Q

lobbyists

A

work for companies and organisations where they are paid to promote an idea or a product to politicians. With the aim of changing the law.

22
Q

natural justice

A

what people consider to be right or morally correct

23
Q

legal justice

A

the rule of the land

24
Q

social justice

A

The idea that justice can also be measured in terms of the distribution of wealth, opportunities, and privileges within a society. However there are other interpretations.

25
Q

Karl Marx

A

he believed the world was made of two groups: the bourgeoisie (rich) and the proletariat (poor). He believed that we should get rid of these groups and make everyone on an equal level.

26
Q

socialism

A

the more you earn the more taxes you pay.

27
Q

collective rights

A

rights we have as a group

28
Q

individual rights

A

rights we have as a person

29
Q

democracy

A

is government of the people by, the people and for the people

30
Q

legitimacy

A

accept as valid and has authority

31
Q

direct democracy

A

a political system whereby the people take part themselves in running the country.

32
Q

representative democracy

A

in which people elect representatives who take decisions on their behalf.

33
Q

popular sovereignty

A

the idea that the power is invested in the people

34
Q

parliamentary sovereignty

A

the idea that parliament can make or end any law they want to

35
Q

house of lords

A

It is not elected by the people. Members are called peers. 92 are inherited seats. 26 Bishops of the church of england. Government peers and opposition peers. Crossbenchers (non political).

36
Q

opportunities for democratic participation

A

voting in local, regional and national elections.

37
Q

civil service

A

.work for ministers in government
.politically neutral so they work with who ever is in power
.permanent posts
.do the bulk of the work in carrying out policy
.the suspicion that some have is that quite frequently civil servants are actually working against government interests and they are protecting their own positions

38
Q

devolved government

A

when governments give up some of their power to regional governments.

39
Q

free media

A

people can say what they want

40
Q

electorate

A

the body of people entitled to vote

41
Q

people who are entitled to vote (UK)

A

over 18, UK and commonwealth citizens, UK nationals who lived aboard 15 years

42
Q

people who can’t vote (UK)

A

under 18, prisoners, people in mental institutions

43
Q

evolution of universal suffrage

A

.there used to be only two types of constituencs county and boroughs
.you had to own land to vote
.some boundaries stayed the same so they where very corrupt
.plural voting allowed wealthy men with property several votes
.women exclude

44
Q

The great reform act 1832

A

.redistribute seats to make it more fair
.people didn’t have to own land
.created a standard £10 property qualification
.only 5% of population could vote

45
Q

important changes

A

.1867 - borough householders e.g. tradesmen and shopkeepers

.1884 - rural householders put on same footing as borough ones

.1918 - all men over 21 and women over the age of 30 could vote

.1928 - age for women reduced to 21

1948 - one person one vote

.1969 - voting age reduced to 18

46
Q

why was the suffrage movement created

A

so women could vote

47
Q

WW1 impacts on women’s suffrage

A

where seen in a more positive light as they worked in the factories while the men where at war.

politics (4 decks)

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