Dementias

Question 1

What are types/causes of cortical dementia?

Answer 1

C:APP
Alzheimer’s
Pick’s disease
PPA

Question 2

What are the causes/types of subcortical dementias?

Answer 2

S:PHP
Parkinson’s
Huntington’s
Progressive supranuclear palsy

Question 3

What are the types/causes of mixed dementia?

Answer 3

M:VLF
Vascular
Lewy body
Frontotemporal

Question 4

Cortical dementia displays changes in what?

Answer 4

Cerebral cortex

Question 5

Subcortical dementia displays changes in what?

Answer 5

Basal ganglia
Thalamus
Brainstem

Question 6

Mixed dementia displays changes in what?

Answer 6

Cortical and subcortical

Question 7

What disease shows changes in personality and emotion as first signs?

Answer 7

Pick’s

Question 8

What disease has a slow and insidious onset?

Answer 8

PPA

Question 9

Alzheimer’s neuropathy shows what 3 microscopic changes in brain neurons

Answer 9

Neurofibrillary tangles
Neuritic plaques
Granulivascular degeneration

Question 10

What does Alzheimer’s medical management look like?

Answer 10

Tranquilizers
Antidepressants
Cognex
Aricept

Question 11

Cognitive and communication symptoms of Alzheimer’s

Answer 11

Language less affected than cognition

Memory and intellect changes in early stages

Question 12

Name the disease: neuropathy shows deterioration of dopamine producing neurons in basal ganglia and brainstem

Answer 12

Parkinson’s

Question 13

Parkinson’s medical management

Answer 13

Levodopa

Question 14

Name some symptoms of Parkinson’s

Answer 14

Slow progressive deterioration of motor and mental functions
Muscles: rigid
Tremors
Flat affect
Shuffled gait
Memory and problem solving issues

Question 15

Cognitive and communication impairments of Parkinson’s

Answer 15

Voice: weak
Speech rate increases 
Intelligibly decreases
Micrographics
Drooling/swallowing impairments
Vocal, grammar, syntax usually preserved until late stages

Question 16

What disease is an inherited, degenerative neurologic disease?

Answer 16

Huntington’s

Question 17

Name the disease: neuropathy shows loss of neurons in caudate nucleus and putamen and patchy loss of cortical neurons in frontal and temporal lobes

Answer 17

Huntington’s

Question 18

Huntington’s medical management

Answer 18

Rx’s to control movement and emotional/psychological effects

Question 19

Name some symptoms of Huntington’s

Answer 19

First: involuntary movements
Irritability and emotional outbursts
Mental deterioration
Progressive motor impairments

Question 20

Name the disease: cognition and communication deficits:
Dysarthria
As chorea increases, intelligibility declines and dysphasia develops
Become more mute, incontinent, and demented

Answer 20

Huntington’s

Question 21

What are the 3 types of dementias?

Answer 21

Cortical
Subcortical
Mixed

Question 22

Name the disease: is caused by neuronal loss/abnormalities, and proliferation of glial cells throughout brainstem and basal ganglia

Answer 22

PSP (progressive supranuclear palsy)

Question 23

T/F: there is a known treatment for PSP?

Answer 23

False: there is none

Question 24

T/F: PSP has tremors similar to Parkinson’s

Answer 24

False: no tremors but rigidity and slow moving like Parkinson’s

Question 25

Name the disease: early symptoms include paralysis of muscles for downward gaze, rigid neck muscles, and weak face muscles

Answer 25

PSP (progressive supranuclear palsy)

Question 26

Name the disease: cognition and communication deficits include: dysarthria, slow speech, reduced vocal loudness, lang is ok, mutism is common

Answer 26

PSP

Question 27

What is another name for AIDS?

Answer 27

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalopathy

Question 28

AIDS neuropathy shows what?

Answer 28

Infection that causes pathologic changes in subcortical white matter and basal ganglia (eventually progresses to cortex)

Question 29

AIDS medical management

Answer 29

antiviral drugs to prolong life and lessen severity dementia complex

Question 30

AIDS evolution/symptoms

Answer 30

early: extrapyramidal pathology; later: cortical involvement

Question 31

Name the disease: cognition and communication deficits include mild word retrieval problems, later: speech is dysarthric and eventually reduced to single words

Answer 31

AIDS

Question 32

T/F: pure vascular dementia is uncommon

Answer 32

True: majority have AD and VD

Question 33

What is the most common type of vascular dementia?

Answer 33

multi-infarct dementia

Question 34

Name the disease: usually occurs after 75 and affects more males than females

Answer 34

Lewy Body dementia

Question 35

Name the dementia: leads to tissue shrinkage and reduced function in brain's frontal and temporal lobes

Answer 35

Frontotemporal dementia

Question 36

Name the dementia: people speak easily but words convey less and less meaning. Tend to use broad/general terms. Language comprehension also declines

Answer 36

Semantic dementia

Question 37

Name the dementia: people lose ability to generate words easily, speech becomes halting, and ungrammatical

Answer 37

PPA (primary progressive aphasia)