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Neuro Final > Dementias > Flashcards

Dementias Flashcards

1
Q

What are types/causes of cortical dementia?

A

C:APP
Alzheimer’s
Pick’s disease
PPA

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2
Q

What are the causes/types of subcortical dementias?

A

S:PHP
Parkinson’s
Huntington’s
Progressive supranuclear palsy

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3
Q

What are the types/causes of mixed dementia?

A

M:VLF
Vascular
Lewy body
Frontotemporal

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4
Q

Cortical dementia displays changes in what?

A

Cerebral cortex

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5
Q

Subcortical dementia displays changes in what?

A

Basal ganglia
Thalamus
Brainstem

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6
Q

Mixed dementia displays changes in what?

A

Cortical and subcortical

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7
Q

What disease shows changes in personality and emotion as first signs?

A

Pick’s

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8
Q

What disease has a slow and insidious onset?

A

PPA

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9
Q

Alzheimer’s neuropathy shows what 3 microscopic changes in brain neurons

A

Neurofibrillary tangles
Neuritic plaques
Granulivascular degeneration

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10
Q

What does Alzheimer’s medical management look like?

A

Tranquilizers
Antidepressants
Cognex
Aricept

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11
Q

Cognitive and communication symptoms of Alzheimer’s

A

Language less affected than cognition

Memory and intellect changes in early stages

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12
Q

Name the disease: neuropathy shows deterioration of dopamine producing neurons in basal ganglia and brainstem

A

Parkinson’s

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13
Q

Parkinson’s medical management

A

Levodopa

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14
Q

Name some symptoms of Parkinson’s

A 
Slow progressive deterioration of motor and mental functions
Muscles: rigid
Tremors
Flat affect
Shuffled gait
Memory and problem solving issues
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15
Q

Cognitive and communication impairments of Parkinson’s

A 
Voice: weak
Speech rate increases 
Intelligibly decreases
Micrographics
Drooling/swallowing impairments
Vocal, grammar, syntax usually preserved until late stages
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16
Q

What disease is an inherited, degenerative neurologic disease?

A

Huntington’s

17
Q

Name the disease: neuropathy shows loss of neurons in caudate nucleus and putamen and patchy loss of cortical neurons in frontal and temporal lobes

A

Huntington’s

18
Q

Huntington’s medical management

A

Rx’s to control movement and emotional/psychological effects

19
Q

Name some symptoms of Huntington’s

A

First: involuntary movements
Irritability and emotional outbursts
Mental deterioration
Progressive motor impairments

20
Q

Name the disease: cognition and communication deficits:
Dysarthria
As chorea increases, intelligibility declines and dysphasia develops
Become more mute, incontinent, and demented

A

Huntington’s

21
Q

What are the 3 types of dementias?

A

Cortical
Subcortical
Mixed

22
Q

Name the disease: is caused by neuronal loss/abnormalities, and proliferation of glial cells throughout brainstem and basal ganglia

A

PSP (progressive supranuclear palsy)

23
Q

T/F: there is a known treatment for PSP?

A

False: there is none

24
Q

T/F: PSP has tremors similar to Parkinson’s

A

False: no tremors but rigidity and slow moving like Parkinson’s

25
Q

Name the disease: early symptoms include paralysis of muscles for downward gaze, rigid neck muscles, and weak face muscles

A

PSP (progressive supranuclear palsy)

26
Q

Name the disease: cognition and communication deficits include: dysarthria, slow speech, reduced vocal loudness, lang is ok, mutism is common

A

PSP

27
Q

What is another name for AIDS?

A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Encephalopathy

28
Q

AIDS neuropathy shows what?

A

Infection that causes pathologic changes in subcortical white matter and basal ganglia (eventually progresses to cortex)

29
Q

AIDS medical management

A

antiviral drugs to prolong life and lessen severity dementia complex

30
Q

AIDS evolution/symptoms

A

early: extrapyramidal pathology; later: cortical involvement

31
Q

Name the disease: cognition and communication deficits include mild word retrieval problems, later: speech is dysarthric and eventually reduced to single words

A

AIDS

32
Q

T/F: pure vascular dementia is uncommon

A

True: majority have AD and VD

33
Q

What is the most common type of vascular dementia?

A

multi-infarct dementia

34
Q

Name the disease: usually occurs after 75 and affects more males than females

A

Lewy Body dementia

35
Q

Name the dementia: leads to tissue shrinkage and reduced function in brain’s frontal and temporal lobes

A

Frontotemporal dementia

36
Q

Name the dementia: people speak easily but words convey less and less meaning. Tend to use broad/general terms. Language comprehension also declines

A

Semantic dementia

37
Q

Name the dementia: people lose ability to generate words easily, speech becomes halting, and ungrammatical

A

PPA (primary progressive aphasia)

Neuro Final (5 decks)

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