Dementia and Delirium Flashcards by VB VB

what is dementia

a decline in memory and other cognitive functions that affect daily life

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is dementia a acquired syndrome

yes

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are the cog issues seen with dementia seen with delrium and other psych disorders

nope

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how do decide if someone has dementia

patient history

refer to another person who has knowledge of performance

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what are the cog domain that are involved in the neuro-cog evaluation

impaired memory and learning

visuospatial and orientation to dressing

finding object

language - word finding, spelling,

personality or behavioral chnage

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what are the three types of dementia that she mentions

alheimer’s disease

vascular dem

lewy body dem

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what do we see with lewy body dem

~20% have hallucinations

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what does normal pressure hydrocephalus lead to

dem - rapid progression

gait problems

hard time writting

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what is the prison disease

the jakob disease

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what is the most common type of dem

alzheimer’s

2/3 of all dem

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how does alz present

gradual onset

progressive decline in cog

sparing motor and sensory functions

aphasia, apraxia, visuospatial function

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alz and planning actions

have a hard time with activities that have multiple steps

dressing, bucking a seat belt, movinng out of the asile

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what are some warning signs for alz

memory loss

hard time performing familar tasks

language issues

no Ax2

poor decision making

abstract thinking

misplacing things

chnages in mood and behavior

loss of inciative

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what is the difference between dem and delirium

delirium: reversible normally, caused acutely by a disease or drug, affecting your attention and awareness

dementia: progressive longterm condition, effects cog and memory function

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what is mild cog impairment

this is a transitional state between normal aging and early dementia

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what do we see with MCI

slight impairment with cog function with otherwise intact functional status

normal ADL

memory complaint from close person

score 1.5 below age appropriate norms

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do all those who have dem have to pass through the MCI phase

nope

8/10 of those convert into dem in 6 year s

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is AD costly

yes

more then heart disease

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are chromosomal mutation often a cause of AD

nope only 5% of cases

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does a family history of AD increase your risk

slight increase in risk

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what are the other risk factors for AD

age

down syndrome

low education - may be related to cog reserve

depression

possible lack of physcial activity

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what is the average span of AD

10 years

3-20 year = rnage

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when do we see the most chnages in those with AD

in the end

slow changes in the begining

how long does it normally take for one to get diagnosed with AD

1 - 4 years

it is normally dismissed as a result of aging

what is lost first IADLs or ADLs

iadls

what is AD characterized by

hard time with memory language vision/spatial function praxia

what is kind of memory loss is seen with AD

this is normally the presenting feature STM impacted first impairment in learning new infromation progresses to complete failure of recall

what kind of orientation is normally most impacted

time orientation is most vulnerable

how is language impacted with AD

word finding difficulty vauge content use pronoun automatic phrases and cliches loss of rythmn of voice loss to global aphasia

what visual impairment do we see with AD

agnosia: impaired recognition of objects

what EF do people with AD have

judgement problem solving plan abstract thinking

what self awareness problem do people with AD have

rec of impairment

what are the three thing that are normally seen with pre -AD

memory changes - new info lang - generating lang behavioral - personality, irritable, anxiety/depression

what are the chara seen with middle stage AD

poor judgement visuospatial function delusion, agression, hallucinations

what is seen with late stage AD

disorientation neglect self care, eating, bathing, grooming wandering hallucination, delusions

what physical changes do we see to the brain with AD

decrease in the size of the hippo and the cortex enlargement of the ventricles

what is the patho of AD

amyloid plagues and tangles in the brain

what is the patho of vascular dementia

disease or injury to the blood vessel leading to the brain

what is the patho of frontotemporal dem

deteriation of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain

what is the patho of lewy body dem

lewy body proteins on nerve cells

what is the difference between hallucintation and delusion

hall: there is a visible and audible stim delusion: very strong false belief

what are some common causes for confusion in patients

dem stroke low blood sugar MCI drugs

do other neuro or physiological issues cause dementia

nope cannot be attributed to complications with meds

what is a hypoglycemic level

<70mg/d

what are some signs and sym of hypoglycemia

sweating nervous confusion rapid onset of sym tachy palpitations

how quickly can delirium set in

hours to days

what is included in the cofusion assessment method

acute onset fluctuating course inattention diorganized thinking

is there a drug for delirum

what is the treatment for delirium

look for the cause of delirium optimizing the conditions for the brain address the distress consider dementia rehab during delirium

what are some treatment ideas for those with dem

family member present community with team and family mobility maintain sleep wake cycles - with cues re-orientation decrease attention to hall and delusions oppertunies for cog stimulation families

what is personal space

6ft to arm length

what is public space

6ft away from me

what is intimate space

6 inches or less physical contact

what is scuba mask

peri vision is lost

what are the steps to connect with someone with dem

1. visually 2. verbally 3. physically 4. emtionally 5. personality - individually - spiritualluy