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Geriatrics > Dementia and Delirium > Flashcards

Dementia and Delirium Flashcards

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1
Q

what is dementia

A

a decline in memory and other cognitive functions that affect daily life

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2
Q

is dementia a acquired syndrome

A

yes

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3
Q

are the cog issues seen with dementia seen with delrium and other psych disorders

A

nope

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4
Q

how do decide if someone has dementia

A

patient history

refer to another person who has knowledge of performance

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5
Q

what are the cog domain that are involved in the neuro-cog evaluation

A

impaired memory and learning

visuospatial and orientation to dressing

finding object

language - word finding, spelling,

personality or behavioral chnage

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6
Q

what are the three types of dementia that she mentions

A

alheimer’s disease

vascular dem

lewy body dem

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7
Q

what do we see with lewy body dem

A

~20% have hallucinations

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8
Q

what does normal pressure hydrocephalus lead to

A

dem - rapid progression

gait problems

UI

hard time writting

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9
Q

what is the prison disease

A

the jakob disease

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10
Q

what is the most common type of dem

A

alzheimer’s

2/3 of all dem

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11
Q

how does alz present

A

gradual onset

progressive decline in cog

sparing motor and sensory functions

aphasia, apraxia, visuospatial function

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12
Q

alz and planning actions

A

have a hard time with activities that have multiple steps

dressing, bucking a seat belt, movinng out of the asile

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13
Q

what are some warning signs for alz

A

memory loss

hard time performing familar tasks

language issues

no Ax2

poor decision making

abstract thinking

misplacing things

chnages in mood and behavior

loss of inciative

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14
Q

what is the difference between dem and delirium

A

delirium: reversible normally, caused acutely by a disease or drug, affecting your attention and awareness

dementia: progressive longterm condition, effects cog and memory function

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15
Q

what is mild cog impairment

A

this is a transitional state between normal aging and early dementia

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16
Q

what do we see with MCI

A

slight impairment with cog function with otherwise intact functional status

normal ADL

memory complaint from close person

score 1.5 below age appropriate norms

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17
Q

do all those who have dem have to pass through the MCI phase

A

nope

8/10 of those convert into dem in 6 year s

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18
Q

is AD costly

A

yes

more then heart disease

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19
Q

are chromosomal mutation often a cause of AD

A

nope only 5% of cases

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20
Q

does a family history of AD increase your risk

A

slight increase in risk

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21
Q

what are the other risk factors for AD

A

age

down syndrome

low education - may be related to cog reserve

depression

possible lack of physcial activity

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22
Q

what is the average span of AD

A

10 years

3-20 year = rnage

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23
Q

when do we see the most chnages in those with AD

Study These Flashcards
A

in the end

slow changes in the begining

24
Q

how long does it normally take for one to get diagnosed with AD

Study These Flashcards
A

1 - 4 years

it is normally dismissed as a result of aging

25
what is lost first IADLs or ADLs
iadls
26
what is AD characterized by
hard time with memory language vision/spatial function praxia
27
what is kind of memory loss is seen with AD
this is normally the presenting feature STM impacted first impairment in learning new infromation progresses to complete failure of recall
28
what kind of orientation is normally most impacted
time orientation is most vulnerable
29
how is language impacted with AD
word finding difficulty vauge content use pronoun automatic phrases and cliches loss of rythmn of voice loss to global aphasia
30
what visual impairment do we see with AD
agnosia: impaired recognition of objects
31
what EF do people with AD have
judgement problem solving plan abstract thinking
32
what self awareness problem do people with AD have
rec of impairment
33
what are the three thing that are normally seen with pre -AD
memory changes - new info lang - generating lang behavioral - personality, irritable, anxiety/depression
34
what are the chara seen with middle stage AD
poor judgement visuospatial function delusion, agression, hallucinations
35
what is seen with late stage AD
disorientation neglect self care, eating, bathing, grooming wandering hallucination, delusions
36
what physical changes do we see to the brain with AD
decrease in the size of the hippo and the cortex enlargement of the ventricles
37
what is the patho of AD
amyloid plagues and tangles in the brain
38
what is the patho of vascular dementia
disease or injury to the blood vessel leading to the brain
39
what is the patho of frontotemporal dem
deteriation of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain
40
what is the patho of lewy body dem
lewy body proteins on nerve cells
41
what is the difference between hallucintation and delusion
hall: there is a visible and audible stim delusion: very strong false belief
42
what are some common causes for confusion in patients
dem stroke low blood sugar MCI drugs
43
do other neuro or physiological issues cause dementia
nope cannot be attributed to complications with meds
44
what is a hypoglycemic level
<70mg/d
45
what are some signs and sym of hypoglycemia
sweating nervous confusion rapid onset of sym tachy palpitations
46
how quickly can delirium set in
hours to days
47
what is included in the cofusion assessment method
acute onset fluctuating course inattention diorganized thinking
48
is there a drug for delirum
no
49
what is the treatment for delirium
look for the cause of delirium optimizing the conditions for the brain address the distress consider dementia rehab during delirium
50
what are some treatment ideas for those with dem
family member present community with team and family mobility maintain sleep wake cycles - with cues re-orientation decrease attention to hall and delusions oppertunies for cog stimulation families
51
what is personal space
6ft to arm length
52
what is public space
6ft away from me
53
what is intimate space
6 inches or less physical contact
54
what is scuba mask
peri vision is lost
55
what are the steps to connect with someone with dem
1. visually 2. verbally 3. physically 4. emtionally 5. personality - individually - spiritualluy

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