Dementia and Alzheimer's disease

Question 1

dementia

Answer 1

group of symptoms that impair cognitive, social, and independent functioning

Question 2

dementia changes

Answer 2

cognition, memory, language, behaviour, personality, mood

Question 3

dementia diagnosis requirements

Answer 3

significant impairment in at least 2 brain functions without loss of consciousness

Question 4

more affected gender - dementia

Answer 4

women

Question 5

dementia prevalence vs heart failure

Answer 5

similar in ages 80+

Question 6

prevalence

Answer 6

how many people have a disease

Question 7

incidence

Answer 7

how many new cases of a disease

Question 8

dementia and LTC

Answer 8

most seniors with dementia live outside of long term care or nursing homes

Question 9

what causes dementia

Answer 9

number of disorders that affect the brain
results from nerve cell death and/or loss of communication among cells

Question 10

dementia risk factors

Answer 10

age
alcohol/smoking
sedentary lifestyle/nutrition
cholesterol
mild cognitive impairment
genetics
high blood pressure
diabetes
atherosclerosis
down syndrome

Question 11

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 11

neurogenerative disease marked by multiple cognitive deficits

Question 12

how does Alzheimers disease begin

Answer 12

circumscribed and mild impairments in memory

Question 13

how does Alzheimers disease progress

Answer 13

severe dysfunction in all aspects of cognition, behaviour, and functioning

Question 14

what is found in Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 14

amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (cortex)

Question 15

neurofibrillary tangles

Answer 15

abnormal tau proteins that form tangles and interfere with microtubule functioning and degrade neurons

Question 16

amyloid plaques

Answer 16

abnormal levels of beta-amyloid proteins clump together to form plaques that collect between neurons and disrupts cell function

Question 17

Alzheimers disease early stage

Answer 17

memory impairment
lapses of judgement
subtle changes in personality

Question 18

Alzheimers disease mid stage

Answer 18

memory and language problems worsen
difficulty performing activities of daily living

Question 19

Alzheimers disease late stage

Answer 19

language, reasoning, social behaviour impairments worsen
lose ability to control motor functions
lose bowel and bladder control

Question 20

vascular / multi-infarct dementia

Answer 20

dementia caused by a stroke or series of small strokes creating reduced blood supply to the brain

Question 21

difference between Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia

Answer 21

people with vascular dementia maintain personality and emotional responsiveness until later stages of the disease

Question 22

incidence of MID

Answer 22

second most common cause of dementia in 65+
more men than women

Question 23

Lewy body dementia

Answer 23

progressive dementia
impacts motor skills, spatial awareness, basic movement, memory, psychiatric indicators
personality changes
symptoms similar to Parkinsons disease

Question 24

what causes Lewy body dementia

Answer 24

abnormal protein deposits in the brain (Lewy bodies) interrupt normal messaging

Question 25

dementia oral complications - perio and caries

Answer 25

forgetting home care
loss of ability
pain/infection increases confusion

Question 26

dementia oral complications - xerostomia

Answer 26

multipharma
ulcerations of mucosa
increased caries risk
problems with dentures

Question 27

dementia oral complications

Answer 27

losing dentures
involuntary jaw/tongue movements (antipsychotics)