DEMENTIA - ALZHEIMERS DISEASE Flashcards
Teaching/Learning Strategies
Forward and Backward Chaining
Repetition and Routine
Mirroring
Bridging
Hand under Hand
Cues – Verbal, Tactile, Visual
Definition of Alzheimers Disease
progressive dementia for which currently no known cure exists. loss of cognitive and memory function, impaired abstract thought and judgement. Cotical abnormalities causing personality change
Treatment Activities for AZ patients
Music
Simple Games
Familiar Activities/Occupations
Reminiscence
Gross-Motor Tasks
True dementia vs Pseudo-dementia
Pseudo dementias - reveersible, related to different cause (Depression, metabolic imbalance, hypothyroidism)
ways to prevent wandering for individuals with dementia
Engage in reminiscing.
Sundowning -
Evaluations for dementia
Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE)
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)
Kitchen Task Assessment
ADL Evaluation
Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist
Functional Behavior Profile
Activity Card Sort
Allen Cognitive Level (ACL) with Routine Task Inventory 2
Do not test
Description of Mini Mental State Exam
Evaluates memory, ability to solve simple problems and other thinking skills.
- a health professional asks a patient a series of questions designed to test a range of everyday mental skills
Basic prevention methods for dementia
keep active and invested in meaningful activities
vitamins (B complex and D) and proper nutrition
participation in regular exercise
participation in socialization activities
cognitive exercise***
Maintenance of cognition activities
stages of Alzheimer’s
Stage 1-2 (Sapphire) Level 6 - Planned Actions
Stage 3 (Diamond) Level 5 - Exploratory Actions
Stage 4 (Emerald) Level 4 - Goal Directed Actions
Stage 5 (Amber) Level 3
Manual Actions
Stage 6 (Ruby) Level 2 Postural Actions
Stage 7 (Pearl) Level 1 Automatic Actions
Stage 1
No Impairment
Stage 2
VERY MILD DECLINE (SAPPHIRE)
- difficulty in recalling names, or word finding
- forgets train of thought
- complaints of memory loss
Stage 3
MILD DECLINE (Sapphire)
- problems remembering appontments, travelling to unfamiliar locations - gets lost
Stage 4
MODERATE DECELINE (EMERALD)
- deficits in perfromance of complex tasks like IADLs
- decrease knowledge of recent events
- inability to perform high level mental calculations
- decreased memory for personal information and socially withdrawn
Stage 5
MODERATE DECLINE (AMBER)
deficits in choosing appropriate attire
- assistance required with community functioning
- personality changes beginning to be noted
Stage 6
SEVERE DECLINE (RUBY)
Occasionally forgets own name
- needs extensive help with ADLs
- decreased memory of personal information
- dysfunctional sleed/wake cycle, hallucinations, compulsions, repetitive behaviors
Stage 7
VERY SEVERELY DECLINE (PEARL)
- Mutism, dysphagia, skeletal and muscle rigidity
- do not respond to environment
- inability to control movement
- requires feeding assistance
Considerations of Evaluations
Why do we assess the caregivers as well?
Should also Assess the Caregiver although not necessarily at the same time as the client –
to get an accurate picture of the client’s memory issues and abilities
to get an accurate picture of the caregivers knowledge and perspective
Essential elements to effective intervention planning in OT for individuals with AZ
ACTIVITY ANALYSIS
TEACHNING LEARNING STRATEGIES
CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
Behavior Management Strategies
Rescue Strategies
Prevention strategies
Environmental Strategies
Positive Physical Approach
- Approach from the FRONT to avoid autonomic response
- Walk SLOW (1 second, 1 step)
- Stand to the side - use SUPPORTIVE STANCE
- Crouch LOW
- Offer your HAND
- Call them by NAME
