Dementia

Question 1

how common is each type of dementia?

Answer 1

Alzheimers disease ( 50-80% of all dementia cases)

vascular ( 20-30%)

Lewy body ( 10-25% )

Frontotemporal ( 10-15%)

Question 2

what is the history for alzheimers?

Answer 2

gradual

progressive onset

Question 3

what are the signs and symptoms of alzheimers?

Answer 3

memory loss-> especially for names and recent events

language deficits

rapid forgetting

impaired visuospatial skills

later affective disturbances-> behavioural symptoms such as agression

Question 4

outline the pathology/ imaging of alzheimers?

Answer 4

generalised atrophy ( Especially medial temporal)

beta amyloid plaques

neurofibrilliary tangles

Question 5

describe the history of vascular dementia?

Answer 5

abrupt or gradual onset

Question 6

describe the signs and symptoms of vascular dementia?

Answer 6

focal neurological signs

signs of vascular disease

Question 7

describe the pathology/ imaging of vascular dementia?

Answer 7

strokes

lacunar infarcts

white matter lesions

vulnerable to cerebrovascular events

Question 8

describe the history of lewy body dementia?

Answer 8

insidious onset

progressive with fluctuations

Question 9

what are the signs and symptoms of lewy body dementia?

Answer 9

fluctuating cognition

visual hallucinations

neuroleptic sensitivity

shuffling gait

increased tone

tremoors

falls

Question 10

outline the pathology/ imaging of lewy body dementia?

Answer 10

generalised atrophy

lewy bodies in cortex and midbrain

Question 11

describe the history of frontotemportal dementia?

Answer 11

insidious onset

typically in 50s- 60s

rapid progression

Question 12

describe the signs and symptoms of frontotemportal dementia?

Answer 12

disinhibition

socially inappropriate behaviour

poor judgement

apathy, decreased motivation

poor executive function

Question 13

describe the pathology/imaging of fronto-temportal dementia?

Answer 13

frontal and temportal atrophy

pick cells and pick bodies in cortex