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Lang in Adults Final > dementia > Flashcards

dementia Flashcards

1
Q

define dementia

A

results from an acquired brain disease; characterized by a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive domains that interferes with daily living and independent functioning

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2
Q

what are some symptoms associated with dementia?

A
  1. memory loss
  2. behavioral
  3. personality changes
  4. problems w/ executive functioning
  5. attention and processing speed impairment
  6. disorientation
  7. perceptual changes
  8. language
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3
Q

dementia is also known as…

A

major cognitive disorder

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4
Q

what are the requirements for dementia?

A

significant decline from previous levels of performance in one or more of the cognitive domains

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5
Q

what are the requirements for dementia? pt. 2

A

cognitive deficits interfere w/ independence in everyday activities

cognitive deficits do not occur exclusively in the context of delirium

cognitive deficits are not better explained by other mental disorders

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6
Q

what are some examples of activities of daily living?

A

bathing
dressing
grooming
eating
toileting
transferring

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7
Q

what are examples of instrumental activities of daily living

A

cooking
cleaning
managing finances
grocery shopping
managing medications

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8
Q

true or false: dementia may also include behavioral problems

A

true

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9
Q

dementia is not…

A

depression
delirium
age related memory decline

other conditions that have inconsistent symptoms (+ are temporary or treatable)

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10
Q

what are modifiable risk factors for dementia?

A

less education
hypertension
hearing impairment
smoking
obesity
depression
low social contact
TBI
physical inactivity

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11
Q

what are some causes of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s disease
lewybody disease
vascular pathology
FTD
huntingtons
parkinsons
TBI
MS
HIV

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12
Q

what is the leading cause of dementia?

A

alzheimer’s

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13
Q

true or false: dementia is an umbrella term used to describe a range of symptoms associated with cognitive impairment

A

true

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14
Q

what are the 3 levels of dementia characterization

A
  1. clinical: the symptoms
  2. neuroanatomical: the location in the brain
  3. neuropathological: the disease
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15
Q

what are symptoms of Alzheimer’s

A

early stage deficits in episodic and working memory

later stage impairments in semantic memory

relatively spared procedural memory in early to middle stages of disease

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16
Q

what are symptoms of vascular dementia

A

cognitive symptoms are heterogenous depending on the lesion distribution

cortical lesions are associated with amnesia, visuospatial deficits, and aphasia

subcortical lesions are associated w/ impairments of memory, executive functions, attention, and motor function

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17
Q

what are symptoms of Lewy body?

A

fluctuating presentation of cognitive symptoms

procedural memory and learning deficits may occur with subcortical pathology

declarative memory systems may be impaired w/ cortical pathology

frequently overlaps w/ Parkinson’s

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18
Q

what are symptoms of frontotemporal dementia

A

extreme changes in behavior

some subtypes have…
-language problems and motor disorders

usually at a younger age than Alzheimer’s

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19
Q

do SLP’s diagnose alzheimers, mild cognitive impairment, and or dementia

A

no

20
Q

what are screening tools for evaluation of dementia

A

MOCA
Mini-mental
SLUMS

21
Q

what is the evaluation process for dementia?

A

interview
questionnaire or rating scales
standardized evaluation tools

22
Q

what does the interview look like for dementia?

A
  1. find out sensory information
  2. use principles of ethnographic interviewing
    -build relationship, hear their story, be curious
  3. be solution focused
23
Q

who can we give the questionnaires or rating scales when evaluating dementia?

A

client
family member
caregiver

24
Q

what are some examples of questionnaires or rating scales that we can use for a dementia eval

A

functional activities questionnaire
AD8
IQCODE

25
Q

standardized assessment tools for dementia include…

A

screeners
comprehensive evaluation

26
Q

what scale is used to measure stages of dementia?

A

global deterioration scale/reisberg’s scale

27
Q

what is GD level 1

A

no cognitive decline
no complaints of memory problems
no evidence of cognitive deficits

28
Q

what is GD level 2

A

very mild cognitive decline

reports of memory problems
-forgetting names, misplacing objects

no evidence of issues w/ work or social relationships

29
Q

what is GD level 3

A

mild cognitive decline

impaired concentration

difficulty w/ work tasks

some denial and anxiety about deficits

30
Q

what is GD level 4

A

moderate cognitive decline

trouble…
-remembering personal history
-traveling or handling finances

reduced expression of emotions

withdrawal from situations that are challenging

31
Q

what is GD level 5

A

moderately severe cognitive decline

some assistance needed
evidence of short term memory loss
lack of orientation to time, place, date

may need assistance w/ choosing what to wear

32
Q

what is GD level 6

A

severe cognitive decline

lack of awareness
ADL may need assistance
incontinence and bowel issues
sleep disturbances
personality + behavior changes

33
Q

what is GD level 7

A

very severe cognitive decline

significant personality + behavior changes

loss of speech and ability to hold conversation

difficulty moving, eating, and swallowing

unable to do daily activities w/o assistance

34
Q

treatment for dementia may include…

A

medication
therapy
-counseling
-caregiver training
-external aids
-errorless learning
-montessori approach
-spaced retrieval

35
Q

how can SLP’s educate on healthy brain habits

A

disease management
activity
nutrition
cognitive stimulation
engagement with others socially
relaxation
sleep hygiene

36
Q

true or false: you can slow the progression of disease changes

A

true

37
Q

what are strategies the family can use to help someone with dementia

A

repeating key info
speaking slowly + clearly
giving choices (not opened ended)
keeping info and Q’s short
using written words + pictures

reminding about appointments + medicine

38
Q

what is the FOCUSED caregiver training program?

A

face to face communication
orient to topic
continue w/ concrete topics
resolve any communication blocks
structure w/ y/n and choice Q’s
encourage exchange convos
direct, simple, short sentences

39
Q

what are some examples of external aids for orientation?

A

calendar or written schedule

40
Q

what are some examples of external aids for prospective memory?

A

alarms
to-do lists

41
Q

what is spaced retrieval training

A

client is told a piece of info and asked to recall repeatedly and systematically overtime

designed to decrease demands on working memory and episodic memory

42
Q

define errorless learning

A

procedure structured to reduce the opportunity for errors during learning

43
Q

what are the errorless learning procedures

A
  1. break the task into small discrete steps
  2. model before the client is asked to perform the task
  3. encourage the client to avoid guessing
  4. correct errors immediately
  5. gradually fade prompts
44
Q

what is a Montessori approach?

A

provide a prepared environment to promote independence for doing activities

45
Q

what is reminiscence therapy

A

recalling the past

drawing on semantic + episodic memory

decreases demands on working memory + recent episodic

stimulates positive emotion and action

Lang in Adults Final (6 decks)

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