dementia

Question 1

reversible cause

Answer 1

normal-pressure hydrocephalus

Question 2

sx of normal pressure hydrocephalus

Answer 2

gai disturbances so wobbly like drunk
memory loss
urinary incontinece

Question 3

treatment for NPH

Answer 3

ventriculo-periotneal shunting - drain CSF

repating CSF

Question 4

lewy body dementia is a slow onset memory loss pathology ?

Answer 4

alpha synuclein cystoplasmic inclusions in the substantia nigra

Question 5

symptoms of lewy body dementia

Answer 5

early impairment of attention and executive function rather than just memory loss
develops before parkinsons
visual hallucinations

Question 6

Dx of lewy

Answer 6

SPECT - single photon emission CT

Question 7

Mx of lewy

Answer 7

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors eg rivastigmine
avoid neuroleptics due to parkinsons

Question 8

alzheimers is fast onset memory loss what are rf

Answer 8

age , FH, amyloid prescursor , presenillin 1,2 , downs and cuacasian

Question 9

sx of alzheimers

Answer 9

cerebral atrophy of hippocampus and cortex
cortical plaques - type a beta amyloid protein - tau protein - neurofibiliary tangles
deficient in ACH

Question 10

mx alzheimers

Answer 10

AChe inhibotrs eg riva, galantamine - dont use in bradycardia and they cause insomnia
memantine - NMDA receptro antagonist

Question 11

fontotemporla dementia is also called picks disease = sphericla aggragation of tau
sx

Answer 11

ver 65
preserve memory and visual spatial skills but perosnality hcnage with cosical conduct problem
behavioru change

use ACHe and memantaine

Question 12

vascular dementia commonly occurs after

Answer 12

a stroke

Question 13

rf for vascular

Answer 13

stroke
increased BP, cholesterol, obese, FH, DM , smoking, cornayr heart disease , AF

Question 14

sx of vascualr d

Answer 14

seziures, gait and memory , speech and emotions
manage underlying RF

Question 15

lesions in mamillary bodies

Answer 15

werncikes encephalopathy

Question 16

infarctions in multiple areas of brain

Answer 16

vascular dementia

Question 17

atrophy of frontal lobe

Answer 17

frontotemporal dementia

Question 18

lewy body demntia associated with what disease

Answer 18

parkinsons

Question 19

amyloid plaques

Answer 19

alzheimers

Question 20

what disease is caused by a build up of amyloid protein deposits around brain cells and tau protein tangles within brain cells.

Answer 20

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 21

sx of werncikes encephalopathy

Answer 21

Wernicke’s encephalopathy presents with the classic tetrad of ataxia, opthalmoplegia, nystagmus and acute confusional state and is associated with lesions in the mamillary bodies.

Question 22

alzherimers first line

Answer 22

donezipil

Question 23

when can you not given donezipil

Answer 23

ecg - QT proloning

Question 24

shoudl you take vit B12 levels

Answer 24

yes reversible cause

Question 25

which dementia type is sensitive to anti-psychotics

Answer 25

lewy body

Question 26

enlarged ventricles and absent sucli seen on CT brain scan

Answer 26

normal pressure hydrocephalus