Dement & Klietman Flashcards
What is the general aim of the study?
To investigate the relationship between eye movements and dreaming.
What is the specific aim regarding dream recall?
To see if dream recall differs between REM and NREM stages of sleep.
What is the specific aim regarding dream duration?
To see if there is a positive correlation between estimated dream duration and REM period length.
What is the specific aim regarding eye movements?
To see if eye movements are related to the dream content.
What is the research hypothesis about REM sleep?
There will be a significant association between REM sleep and dreaming.
What is the research hypothesis regarding dream duration?
There will be a positive correlation between estimated dream duration and REM period length.
What is the research hypothesis regarding eye movement patterns?
There will be a significant association between eye movement patterns and dream content.
What psychometrics were used in the study?
EEG and EOG were used to analyze brain activity and eye movements during sleep.
What does REM stand for?
Rapid Eye Movement.
What does NREM stand for?
Non-Rapid Eye Movement.
What was the research method used in the study?
A laboratory experiment with different methods to test each aim.
What was Approach 1 in the research design?
A natural experiment with repeated measures design; IV - waking from REM or NREM; DV - dream recall.
What was Approach 2 in the research design?
A true experiment using correlational study; IV - waking after 5 or 15 minutes into REM; DV - dream duration guess.
What was Approach 3 in the research design?
A natural experiment with repeated measures design; IV - eye movement patterns; DV - dream content.
What was the sample size and composition?
7 males and 2 females; 5 studied in detail.
How many nights did the main participants spend in the lab?
Between 6 - 17 nights.
What was the procedure for participants before the study?
Participants avoided caffeine and alcohol, then slept in a dark, quiet room with electrodes.
What was Procedure 1 in the study?
Participants were woken at various times to test dream recall; narratives recorded on tape.
What was Procedure 2 in the study?
Participants were woken after 5 or 15 minutes into REM and guessed dream duration.
What was Procedure 3 in the study?
Participants’ eye movement direction was detected, and they reported their dream.
What were the results regarding REM patterns?
All subjects showed REM every night; patterns varied per individual.
What was the average time gap between different dreams?
92 minutes, with a range of 70 - 104 minutes.
What was the average REM length?
20 minutes, with a range of 3 - 50 minutes.
What was the dream recall percentage from REM and NREM?
79.6% from REM and 7% from NREM.
What was the accuracy of dream duration estimation?
88% for 5 mins; 78% for 15 minutes.
What were the findings regarding eye movements and dream content?
Eye movements corresponded to what the dreamer was looking at in the dream.
What are the strengths of the study?
High reliability, avoidance of demand characteristics, and collection of quantitative data.
What are the weaknesses of the study?
Small sample size, potential distress from deception, and low ecological validity.
What is the nature vs. nurture perspective on dreams?
Dream content relates to experience (nurture), while the ability to dream is a product of nature.
