Dement And Kleitman Flashcards
What is the aim of this study?
To investigate relationship between eye movement and dreaming
What were the 3 hypotheses?
There will be a significant association between REM sleep and dreaming
There will be a positive correlation between estimate of duration of dream and length of eye movement
There will be a significant association between pattern of eye movement and context of the dream
Who were the participants in this study?
9 participants. 7m 2f 5 studies intensively
What method was this study?
Controlled lab study just for their regular bedtime
What controls were used in this study?
No caffeine or alcohol on day of study
How was depth of sleep recorded and eye movement?
EEG use to amplify and record signals of electrodes which were attached to face and scalp.
2 electrodes near eyes to record electrical changes caused by eye movement.
2 or more elections I scalp to echoes brain activity indicating depth of sleep
How was hypotheses 1 tested? (There will be significant association between REM sleep and dreaming)
During night through REM and nREM participants awakened to test dream recall, woke up by loud doorbell, then asked to speak into a tape recorder near bed. Whether or not they had been dreaming/content of dream
Different woken to different schedules, 2 at random, 1 3 times in REM and 3 times NREM. 1 told REM but was random. 1 at experimenter whim
How was hypotheses 2 tested? (There will be significant positive correlation between estimate of duration of dreams and length of eye movement)
Woken up wither 5 or 15 mins into REM and asked whether they had been dreaming for 5 or 15
How was hypotheses 3 tested (there will be significant association between pattern of eye movement and context of dream)
Woken up as soon as 1/4 patterns of eye movement had lasted for a minute, they were asked to describe detail of dream
What were the 4 patterns of eye movement they were interested in when relating to context?
Vertical eye movement
Horizontal eye movement
Both h and v
Very little or no eye movement
Overall results are..
All showed REM every night during sleep.
REM shown on EEG as low voltage fast patterns.
REM never occurred at start of sleep cycle
REM varied between 3-50 minutes, increasing in length as night progressed
Results of hypotheses 1?
REM sleep is predominantly (not always) associated with dreaming and NREM with non dreaming sleep.
Nearly all dream recall in NREM was 8mins after REM so can remember
Results of hypotheses 2?
All participants were able to choose correct dream duration accurately, except for 1 who could recall end part of dream and underestimated length
Results of hypotheses 3?
There was some relation to eye movement and dream content
Climbing up a ladder.. Eyes looking up and down
Throwing basketballs at net.. First shooting and looking up then down to floor
2 people throw tomatoes at each other.. Horizontal
21 mixture of movements they were always looking at people or objects close to them.
What was the conclusion of this study?
They had identified a objective way to measure dreaming and REM activity. This is because dreams rarely recalled in NREM. And when recalled in that time it was 8 mins after REM.
