Dement and Kleitman Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the background of the experiment?

A

5 stages of sleep - last stage rem
associated with dreaming
eeg can measure brain waves and differ between stages of sleep
eog can measure eye movements

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2
Q

What was the aim of the experiment?

A

to investigate whether dream recall differed between nrem and rem sleep
to investigate whether estimates of dream duration were more accurate after 5 or 15 mins in rem
to investigate whether there is a correlation between eye movements and dream content

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3
Q

What was the research method used in the experiment?

A

lab experiment

correlational study in lab setting

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4
Q

What was the sample used in the experiment?

A

9 adults, 5 male 4 female,

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5
Q

What was the sampling technique used in the experiment?

A

volunteer sample

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6
Q

What was the experimental design used in the experiment?

A

independent measures

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7
Q

What were the controls used in the experiment?

A

no alcohol/caffeine, regular bedtimes, bell to wake up, recording device, slept in same lab in same condition, not told whether rem or nrem

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8
Q

What was the task in the experiment?

A

arrive at lab before bedtime, electrodes attached to head and next to eyes, bunched in ponytail at back, attached to eeg
nrem vs rem - woken randomly by bell, asked to recall dream into recording device
5 vs 15 - woken randomly, asked to guess how long they had been dreaming
eye movemnt - movements recorded into vertical, horizontal, random, no, then asked what they were dreaming
debrief

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9
Q

What were the variables used in the experiment?

A

iv - rem/nrem, 5/15 mins

dv- whether dream was recalled, whether dream duration was guessed correctly

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10
Q

What were the ethical issues in the experiment?

A

may be invasion of privacy to ask about dreams, were deceived about stage of sleep

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11
Q

What were the results of the experiment?

A

dreams recalled better in rem
estimates of dream duration were more accurate woken 5 mins after rem
vertical - basketball, horizontal - tomatoes, both - conversation, no - car

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12
Q

What were the conclusions drawn from the experiment?

A

dreams are recalled better in rem sleep, correlation between eye movement and dream content

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13
Q

What were the strengths of the experiment?

A

objective data, high control = high validity, high standardisation = high reliability, random allocation to reduce order effect

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14
Q

What were the weaknesses of the experiment?

A

small sample =less generalisability, demand characteristics, low ecological validity

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15
Q

What are the real-world applications of the experiment?

A

help people with insomnia

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16
Q

How does the experiment relate to debates?

A

nature vs nurture - dreaming is natural concept but content is nurture
individual vs situational - individual dreams

17
Q

What was the apparatus used in the experiment?

A

eeg, eog, bed, recorder, sep room for experimenter

18
Q

What was the hypothesis for the experiment?

A

nil