Demand Characteristics And Bias

Question 1

The presence of an investigator can lead to demand characteristics but only if…

Answer 1

The experimenter is aware of the aims of the study

Question 2

What are demand characteristics? What does this reduce?

Answer 2

Any clues given off with. The research that could lead to ppts changing their natural behaviour to help or hinder the researcher (CONTEXT), reducing the internal validity

Question 3

How can demand characteristics be controlled?

Answer 3

Getting a researcher who doesn’t know the aims of the research (CONTEXT) to carry out the experiment. Therefore they cannot give off clues to influence the ppts

Question 4

What is bias?

Answer 4

When the researcher is designing the resources/ experiment of collecting the results

Question 5

What 2 things control bias?

Answer 5

Randomisation and standardisation

Question 6

Why is randomisation important?

Answer 6

Aspects of the research should be by chance and not decide by the researcher which may be open to bias - this could present an extraneous variable

Question 7

How is randomisation carried out?

Answer 7

Decide using names out of a hat or computer randomisation

Question 8

Why is standardisation important?

Answer 8

So that all participants experience the same environment and instructions, to avoid extraneous variables affecting measurements

Question 9

How is standardisation carried out?

Answer 9

Using the same formalised instructions and procedures for all ppts (CONTEXT)
Standardised instructions that are read out to all participants / printed and given to the ppts to read