Degrees of Sociality Flashcards
eusociality + 3 characteristics
individuals work together for the benefit of group/colony
- cooperative care for offspring
- reproductive division of labour
- overlapping generations contributing to colony labour
2 kinds of social insects
isoptera - termites
hymenoptera - ants bees wasps
solitary vs social species
solitary - nest in ground / no social interactions
social - have social interactions
subsocial
sub- adults take care of own offspring but don’t help eachother
communal vs quasisocial
communal - members of same generation share a nest but don’t help eachother in young care
quasisocial - same gen share a nest and help each other
semisocial
reproductive devision - only some workers care for young
(like quasisocial)
there is only overlap between generations in ____ and divisions of labour in _____ & _____
eusocial
divisions:
- semisocial & eusocial
two routes to sociality
subsocial nesting
- nest sharing between same !family!(mother/daughter)
parasocial nesting
- nest sharing between unrelated or same gen females
Hamilton gave the idea of ____ fitness which was later called kin selection by _____
hamilton - inclusive
by john maynard smith
the social ladder (6)
- the degrees of socialness
least - solitary
subsocial
communal
quasisocial
semisocial
most - eusocial
primitive vs advanced eusocial species
primitive (bumblebee)
- short lived / small colony
- simple communication
advanced (honeybees)
- long lasting huge colonies
- sophisticated communication
- specialized workers
what two things are apart of social complexity in insects
- caste complexity (specialized roles)
- colony size (increase with social complexity)
describe the social ladder in wasps
behaviours evolve from simple, one-time actions to sophisticated, repeated care and nest management
