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Critical Care Nursing Exam 3 > degenerative neuro > Flashcards

degenerative neuro Flashcards

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1
Q

what is myasthenia gravis?

A

autoimmune disease that is characterized by varying degrees of the voluntary muscles causing muscle weakness

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2
Q

what body parts are effected?

A

muscles, eye muscles, throat muscles, arms, legs, and severe respiratory muscles fall

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3
Q

how does the thymus gland effect MG?

A

the thymus gland produces T cells, and then attacks them

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4
Q

risk factors for M.G.?

A

female (<40)

male (>60)

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5
Q

what can worsen MG?

A

fatigue
Illness
Stress
Extreme

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6
Q

signs and symptoms of MG?

A

diplopia
Ptosis
weakness of face, throat and general area

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7
Q

What type of disorder is MG?

A

A motor disorder

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8
Q

what is the tensilon test?

A

injection of the chemical edrophonium, which once injected may result in a sudden increase of muscle strength

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9
Q

what is edrophonium?

A

an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine.

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10
Q

what does the tensilion test show?

A

that the patient has MG

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11
Q

what are the adverse effects fo edrophonium?

A

bradycardia, systole, increased oral and bronchial secretions, and bronchoconstriction

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12
Q

diagnosing MG?

A

EMG
CT of chest to look at the Thymus
Tensilon test

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13
Q

treatment of MG?

A

supportive care
IVIG- replace antibodies
anticholinesterase medications
thymectomy- remove thymus

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14
Q

what is MS?

A

multiple sclerosis

unpredictable and disabling disease of the CNS that disrupts the flow of info within the brain and between the brain and body

causes a damaged myelin sheath

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15
Q

causes of MS?

A

idiopathic, possibly genetic

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16
Q

when are people diagnosed with MS?

A

between the ages of 20-50

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17
Q

symptoms of MS?

A 
weakness
tingling
numbness
blurred vision
muscle stiffness
thinking problems
urinary problems
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18
Q

what may MS be misdiagnosed as?

A

a CVA

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19
Q

what can MS be triggered by?

A

a viral infection, but this is not always the case.

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20
Q

how is MS diagnosed?

A

by process of elimination,

MRI can reveal plaques in the brain and spinal cord

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21
Q

treatment of MS

A

focus is on speeding recovery from attacks, and slowing progression of disease
corticosteroids
plasmapheresis

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22
Q

what is the use of plasmapheresis in MS?

A

it is used short term for rebuilding antibodies

23
Q

what is neurodegenerative disease?

A

disorders leading to deterioration of normal cells or function of nervous system

24
Q

how fast does neurodegenerative disease onset?

A

slow onset of signs and symptoms

subtle changes worsening over time

25
Q

what is Parkinson’s?

A

slow progressing neurologic movement disorder

26
Q

what population does Parkinson’s more often effect?

A

men more than women

27
Q

what age does Parkinson’s occur?

A

in the 50s

28
Q

what are the suspected idiopathic causes?

A 
genetics
atherosclerosis
viral infections
head trauma
chronic use of antipsychotic meds
environmental exposure
29
Q

patho of Parkinson’s?

A

decreased levels of dopamine from loss of neuronal cells in substantia nigra in the brain cells

30
Q

what part of the brain is affected by Parkinson’s?

A

substantia nigra in basal ganglia

31
Q

what does a loss in dopamine result in?

A

imbalance affecting voluntary movement

32
Q

what are the cardinal signs of Parkinson’s?

A
  1. Tremor
  2. Rigidity
  3. Bradykinesis
  4. Postural instability
33
Q

autonomic symptoms from Parkinson’s?

A

sweating, paroxysmal flushing, orthostatic hypotension, gastric and urinary retention, constipation

34
Q

psych changes with Parkinson’s?

A

depression, dementia, delirium, hallucination

35
Q

hypokinesia in parkinsons?

A

abnormally diminished movement, freezing phenomenon

36
Q

what type of handwriting do Parkinsons patients have?

A

micrographia

37
Q

how do people with Parkinson’s talk?

A

dysphonia: soft, slurred, slow, low pitched speech

38
Q

how is Parkinson’s diagnosed?

A

2 out of 4 cardinal manifestations

39
Q

what med is the go to for Parkinson’s?

A

levodopa

40
Q

how does levodopa work?

A

converts to dopamine in the basal ganglia

41
Q

nursing management of Parkinson’s?

A 
improving mobility
enhance self care
improve nutrition
enhance swallowing 
improve communication
42
Q

what is trigeminal neuralgia also known as?

A

Tic Douloureux

43
Q

what nerve is effected by trigeminal neuralgia?

A

5th cranial nerve- any of the branches, but more commonly 2nd or 3rd branches

44
Q

trigeminal neuralgia causes paroxysms of __________ ____________ __________ _____.

A

unilateral shooting/stabbing pain

45
Q

most common symptom of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

involuntary contraction of facial muscles with sudden closing of eye or twitching of mouth

46
Q

what is thought to cause trigeminal neuralgia?

A

vascular compression and pressure

47
Q

treatments for trigeminal neuralgia?

A

avoid triggers
Baclofen
Gabapentin

48
Q

what are possible triggers of trigeminal neuralgia?

A 
brushing teeth
shaving 
face washing
chewing
temp changes
49
Q

What is bells palsy?

A

unilateral inflammation of the 7th cranial nerve

50
Q

what does bells palsy cause?

A

facial paralysis or weakness

51
Q

causes of bells palsy?

A

vascular ischemia
viral disease
autoimmune disease

52
Q

symptoms of bells palsy?

A 
facial distortion from paralysis
lacrimation
painful sensation of the face, behind ear, in eye
speech difficulties
difficulty chewing
53
Q

treatment of bells palsy?

A

resolves completely and rarely recurs
spontaneous recovery in 3-5 weeks
corticosteroids to reduce inflammation

Critical Care Nursing Exam 3 (5 decks)

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