Deforestation Sudan Flashcards
Deforestation
Deforestation is defined as the conversion of forest to other land use or the permanent reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10 percent threshold (FAO, 2015)
Deforestation rate
504,000 ha per year
Spatial distribution of deforestation
Northern Darfur
MAIN CAUSES
- Wood fuel
- Socio-Economic Activities
- Overgrazing of Animals
- Drought
- Lack of Environmental policy and enforcement
People rely on forest resources for
wood and non-wood
Forest cover has declined from ____% to ____% in the last ___ years
forest cover in Sudan has declined from 40% to 10% in the last 110 years
___% of trees in Darfur lost due to civil war
30%
How many civil wars has sudan suffered?
2
Effect of civil war
6
- inc. deforestation
- patterns of trade change
- wood for infrastructure
- Migration/displacement of
people (distorted process of urbanization) - Poverty
- INTERNATIONALS
Ironically, between ___ and ____…
Between 2003 and 2005 international agencies were the main consumers as they set up the infrastructure for IDP camps
Why is there a limited amount of stats available on plant and animal species?
Sep. of south and north sudan
Effect on environment
- Loss of species
- number of species is in decline
Primary source of energy in Sudan
charcoal/firewood
__% of Sudan’s pop. has access to electricity
30%
Where is access to electricity concentrated? what %?
Karthoum, 70%
What do Sudanese households rely on wood for?
cooking
heatings
domestic activities
Woodfuel energy accounts for ___-___% of ????
70%-81% or national energy supply
Important economic activities using forest resources
- local production and sale of bread
- pottery
- tea
- clay bricks
Over 1,000 brick kilns are currently in operation in
Karthoum
Although clay making industry is reportedly in decline, both past and present levels of consumption of biomass fuel still place _________
Although this industry is reportedly in decline, both past and present levels of consumption of biomass fuel still place significant pressure on forest resources.
Wood provides a source of ____ and ______ where other resource sectors no longer can
income and livelihood
Illegal logging and charcoal manufacturing can make __% profit exploiting Sudan’s wood lands
100%
Population growth causes
- High fertility Rates (4.6 bpw)
- Population Growth (2.4% annual increase)
- Intl. Communities
Pop. Growth effects
- already vulnerable forest ecosystems are no longer able to regenerate
- environmental threshold is exceeded
