Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GEOG 1155 > Chapter 4 : Deforestation > Flashcards

Chapter 4 : Deforestation Flashcards

1
Q

Factors influencing deforestation in Africa

A

4

  • Fuelwood collection
  • Logging
  • Agricultural expansion
  • Population pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Deforestation

A

Deforestation is defined as the conversion of forest to other land use or the permanent reduction of the tree canopy cover below the minimum 10 percent threshold (FAO, 2015)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Effects of selective logging

A
  • forest degradation

- affect soils, wildlife and habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Socio-economic causes of deforestation

A
  • poverty
  • low agricultural productivity
  • unequal distribution of land
  • international markets for some forest products
  • large resettlement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of deforestation:

A
  • access to forests (road networks)
  • rapid population growth rates
  • local government (tax incentives to loggers and ranchers), (or resettlement schemes)
  • socio-economic factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Côte D’Ivoire experienced the most rapid forest clearance rates in the world. T/F?

A

True

  • 2800-3500 square km per year in 1950-2000
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In Côte D’Ivoire, in _____ log and wood exports provided __% of ____________. It fell to __% by _____due to declining __________.

A

In Côte D’Ivoire in 1973, log and wood exports provided 35% of export earnings. It fell to 11% by 1980 due to declining resource base.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Côte D’Ivoire financial issues

A
  • high external debt

- declining international prices for agricultural export commodities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Côte D’Ivoire introduced restrictions

A
  • on the export of logs

- In 1997

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Causes of deforestation in Côte D’ivoire

A
  • population grew from 5 million in 1970 to 21 million in 2009
  • uncontrolled settlement by farmers
  • ## clearance for coffee + cacao plantations (government incentives)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Primary Forest

A

Primary forests are forests of native tree species, where there are no clearly visible indications of human activities and the ecological processes are not significantly disturbed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Secondary forests

A

Secondary forests regenerate on native forests, which have been cleared by natural or man made causes, such as agriculture or ranching. They display a major difference in forest structure and/or species composition with respect to primary forests.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Philippines - primary causes of deforestation

A
  • Logging
  • Agricultural expansion
  • Construction of roads
  • subsistence farmers
  • poverty
  • population pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Forest cover in the Phillipines

A

70%-25% from 1900-1990

  • lowland forest is gone
  • currently 17-18%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Population of the Philippines

A

8.2 million (1910) to over 90million in 2010

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vietnam lost more than _____ of its original forest area from 1945-1982… and…

A

a third

  • 25% in early 1990’s (Viet Nam War)
17
Q

Vietnam’s forest transition occurred in the ____. It reached ____% by ____.

A

90s. It reached 38% by 2005

18
Q

Vietnam restrictions

A
  • Policies restricted logging
  • banned the export of raw logs
  • however illegal logs entered the country, suggesting that the deforestation was exported to neighbouring countries
19
Q

Factors in Brazil’s deforestation

A
  • Agricultural expansion (soybean plantations)
  • Cattle Ranchers (beef)
  • Resettlement
  • Exploitation of minerals
  • Exploitation of biotic and hydroelectric resources
  • Slash and burn agriculture
  • Logging
20
Q

Slash and burn agriculture

A

a method of agriculture in which existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown, typically used as a method for clearing forest land for farming.

21
Q

Forest Environmental services

A
  • regulation of local climates
  • regulation of water flow
  • regulation of nutrient cycles
  • habitat supporting biodiversity
22
Q

Forests are in a systems state of ___________.

A

DYNAMIC EQUIBILIBRIUM

23
Q

Natural deforestation causes

A
  • Death of old trees
  • Lightning
  • Wind
  • Cyclone
  • Volcanic eruptions
  • Earthquakes
  • Landslides
  • Flooding
24
Q

Why are forests defined as being in a shifting mosaic steady state?

A

Regrowth occurs in gaps so small areas are in perpetual flux while the landscape as a whole does not appear to change

25
Q

The Amazon rainforest’s age

A

55 million years

26
Q

Measurable Human impact on equatorial forests can be traced back how many years?

A

As far as 3500 years in Amazon and Congo Basins

As far as 8000 in South East Asia

GEOG 1155 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions