Defintions

Question 1

Authority

Answer 1

Legitimate power, exercised by the police and courts, parents and employers

Question 2

Adolescence

Answer 2

The transitional stage between childhood and adulthood, beginning with puberty and ending with the gaining of adult occupations and responsibilities. It is a feature of modern industrial societies

Question 3

Change

Answer 3

An alteration in the way people behave, or how their society is structure, can result from acculturation

Question 4

Class

Answer 4

A feature of all hierarchical societies, which is often difficult to alter. It is usually an indicator of education, birth and wealth

Question 5

Communication

Answer 5

The successful exchange of messages and ideas is the central idea of intercultural communication

Question 6

Conflict

Answer 6

When people attempt intercultural communication without being aware of cultural relativism, conflict is possible

Question 7

Conformity

Answer 7

The acceptance of major beliefs, behaviours and values. Social pressure can result in individuals being excluded if they reject the most important mores

Question 8

Continuity

Answer 8

The values, beliefs and traitors of culture give a society stability

Question 9

Cooperation

Answer 9

If effective strategies are put in place to deal with misunderstandings, pole will be inspired to cooperate with one another

Question 10

Culture

Answer 10

A complex set of experience which are learned and shared within a group

Question 11

Cultural Diversity

Answer 11

Each culture has a rich tradition that distinguishes it from other cultures. Acknowledgment and celebration of this fact can only mean better intercultural communication

Question 12

Cultural Heritage

Answer 12

The shared understandings that give each society it’s distinct way of lid are passed on from generation to generation. Cultural heritage helps forms a persons identity. The norms and values that underpin behaviour need to be understood if intercultural communication is to be effective

Question 13

Cultural Relativism

Answer 13

Cultural Relativism means we understand that one cultural cannot be judged randomly according to the standard of another. It means that people’s behaviours can only be understood in terms of values, beliefs and bend of their culture

Question 14

Cultural transmission

Answer 14

Cultural transmission, also known as cultural learning, is the process and method of passing on socially learned information. Within a species, cultural transmission is greatly influenced by how adults socialize with each other and with their young.

Question 15

Customs

Answer 15

Established ways of thinking and acting are represented in behaviour that will be immediately noticeable when we come into contact with a different society

Question 16

Driscrimination

Answer 16

The result of prejudice (an attitude) this produces actions which deny certain people the opportunities that would be granted to members of ones own group. Laws can make such illegal behaviour

Question 17

Enculturation

Answer 17

Learning how to use the patterns of cultural behaviour that our cultural prescribes gives us full membership of that culture

Question 18

Environment

Answer 18

The physical and psychological setting for human interaction r.g urban, rural, westernised. It influences the way individuals socialise, their cultural attitudes, institutions, beliefs and architecture

Question 19

Globalisation

Answer 19

Globalisation is the emergence of a global culture through the existence of world information systems and the spread of global patterns of consumerism

Question 20

Identity

Answer 20

Our sense of who we are comes through socialisation, which is when we learn about the norms and values of our society and develop our unique personalities. Our understanding of self is strongly influenced by the culture and society to which we belong

Question 21

Institutions

Answer 21

Large organisations are often referred to in the way, but really the term refers to any long standing customs or system which is accepted as an importance part of a particular society, Bu definition, these are very resistance to change

Question 22

Media

Answer 22

A powerful institution controlling all forms of communication which reaches a large audience without personal contacts between the senders and the recorded of the messages

Question 23

Mores

Answer 23

Moral rules designed by a society to maintain standards of appropriate conduct will not be immediately observable, but an understanding of these rules and how they affect behaviour is vital if successful intercultural communication is to occur

Question 24

Acculturation

Answer 24

the process of adopting the cultural traits or social patterns of another group. Generally means that some aspects of ones cultus are absorbed by another group

Question 25

Microworld

Answer 25

An individuals wider connections beyond the bounds of kinship and peers- it refers to groups, organisations, institutions

Question 26

Multiculturalism

Answer 26

A society, such as Australia, that consists of people from a variety of cultural backgrounds can be described as multicultural (culturally pluralistic) if each person’s cultural heritage is valued. If all members of that society share that view, then successful intercultural communication must be occurring.

Question 27

Patriarchal

Answer 27

Any society where the majority of power is held by males, and women are actively or passively discriminated against.

Question 28

Peer Groups

Answer 28

People with whom an individual ha an equal standing, and for adolescent these groups are made up of people who are the same-age. They can exert pressure on individuals making them adopt common beliefs, attitudes and behaviors

Question 29

Plural Society

Answer 29

Any society where there are different culture groups coexisting e.g Australia

Question 30

Power

Answer 30

This is dynamic and is used to attain and maintain social order, often illegitimately

Question 31

Prejudice

Answer 31

adopting an attitude toward an individual or a group of people based not on fact or evidence but on oversimplified and over-generalised beliefs i.e prejudging that individual or group

Question 32

Rights

Answer 32

things that society regards as your entitlement.

Question 33

Responsibilities

Answer 33

Refers to the actions that are expected of a full member of any society. E.g. In Australia adulthood brings the responsibility to vote. These responsibilities reflect the rights allocated by a society.

Question 34

Rituals

Answer 34

Ceremonies and practices which help to bind the community together as a means of passing on cultural and societal values

Question 35

Rites of Passage

Answer 35

a ceremony which indicates that a person has passed from one age group into another higher status group. It marks the transition into another social group and usually brings with it an increase in stays for the individual within the group

Question 36

Roles

Answer 36

Individuals both in the micro world and macro world accept certain duties and/or adopt a particular relationship with others and are though to be well socialised in doing this appropriately

Question 37

Society

Answer 37

people and their social relationships. It integrates the small scale (micro) world of kinship groups with the large scale (macro) world of communities, networks, institutions

Question 38

Solicitation

Answer 38

Individuals learn about the social roles associated with membership of society via agents such as family, peers, community groups and the media. The behaviour we observe when we come into contact with another culture will help us understand what those roles are.

Question 39

Social Literacy

Answer 39

The process of gaining the skills, interests, attitudes and values that can be used to understand other people and the environment

Question 40

Social Mobility

Answer 40

Refers to the extent to which a person can change his/her position in the social hierarchy, either gaining or losing status. It is a common feature of modern industrial society which is an ‘open’ society were education is often the means to changing rank

Question 41

Status

Answer 41

refers to the standing allocated by society. It may be allocated differently depending upon the criteria applied. Those who have status fro their sporting ability may have much lower status if educational achievement is the determining criteria.

Question 42

Stratification

Answer 42

The way societies are divided into layers or hierarchies: e.g. upper class, middle class, working class

Question 43

Sub cultures

Answer 43

Small groups within a culture who are recognisably different from the rest of the social group. They often conform in clothing and belief systems

Question 44

Values

Answer 44

The ideas which a society deems most important (many laws are based on an acceptance of these)