Definitions To Memorize

Question 1

Define electronegativity

Answer 1

The ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

Question 2

Define atomic orbital

Answer 2

a region around the nucleus that can hold

up to two electrons, with opposite spins

Question 3

Define covalent bonding

Answer 3

The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

Question 4

Define first ionisation energy

Answer 4

removal of 1 mol of

electrons from 1 mol of gaseous atoms)

Question 5

Define merallic bonding

Answer 5

The strong electrostatic attraction between cations (positive ions) and delocalised electrons

Question 6

Define homologous series

Answer 6

A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

Question 7

Define saturated

Answer 7

Single carbon–carbon bonds only

Question 8

Define unsaturated

Answer 8

The presence of multiple carbon–carbon bonds, including C=C, C C / and aromatic rings

Question 9

Define structural isomers

Answer 9

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 10

Explain the terms steroisomerism

Answer 10

compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement in space

Question 11

Explain the term E/Z isomerism

Answer 11

It’s an example of stereoisomerism, in terms of restricted rotation about a double bond and the
requirement for two different groups to be attached to each carbon atom of the C=C group

Question 12

Explain the term cis–trans isomerism

Answer 12

a special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the substituent groups attached to each
carbon atom of the C=C group are the same

Question 13

Define electrophile

Answer 13

An electron pair acceptor