Definitions to Learn Flashcards
Sample
Set of observations drawn from a population
Population
The entire pool from which a statistical sample is drawn
Case
Someone who has the disease/condition
Control
Someone who doesn’t has the disease/condition
Randomised
Using chance methods to assign subjects to treatment in order to reduce bias
Counterfactual
What would happen if e.g. factor was not present
Analytical
Collecting and scrutinising every data sample in a set of items from which samples can be drawn
Sampling bias
Bias in which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population are less likely to be included than others
Error
The difference between the true value & the estimated value
Information bias
Bias arising from measurement error
Confounding
An apparent association between two variables that is explained by a third variable that correlates with both of the variables under investigation
Intention-to-treat
Results are reported according to what treatment they were supposed to receive rather than what treatment they did receive
Cross-sectional
Data collected by observing many subjects at the same point of time
Case-control
Retrospective comparing those with or without the disease
Cohort
People who share a common experience or condition
