Definitions: Test 1 Flashcards
Diseases with animal reservoirs
Zoonosis
The study of the distribution and determinants
of disease and other health outcomes in
animal populations
Epizootiology
Chronic infections with minimal symptoms caused by pathogens
Balanced pathogenicity
A habitat in which a pathogen normally
lives, grows, and multiplies
Reservoir
A pathogen
that undergoes changes or multiplies
while inside this living organism.
This activity is required for transmission
Biological vector
Disease caused by invasion and multiplication
of a living agent in/on a host
Infectious disease
Invasion, but not multiplication, of a living agent
in/on a host
Infestation
Disease that is transmissible from
one animal to another
via
direct or airborne routes
Contagious disease
Disease caused by an agent capable of transmission
by direct, airborne, OR INDIRECT routes
from an infected person, animal, reservoir, or fomites
Communicable disease
A curve that represent the number of NEW
cases of a disease over time
Epidemic curve
An epidemic curve representative of
CONTAGIOUS Diseases
and
exposure is followed by waves of cases
Propagated source
An epidemic curve that can determine
max, average, and minimum incubation times
and
exposure is at the same time from the same source
Common source single point exposure
An epidemic curve where exposure is
from the same source but at different times
and
this curve cannot determine incubation times
Common source with intermittant exposure
Factors that help determine the probability,
distribution, or severity of disease
in a population of animals.
An example is host susceptibility.
Determinant
A major contributing factor, usually a necessary one,
that helps determine the status of a disease in a population
Primary determinant
A predisposing or enabling factor that makes a disease more or less LIKELY
Secondary Determinant
This factor must always be present in order for
a disease to occur
primary determinant
If antimicrobial resistance is obtained
de novo,
what does that mean?
Resistance is obtained
through mutation
This is entirely determined by genotype
Genetic disease
This is partially determined by genotype
Genetic susceptibilities
The idea that infectious diseases can be contained if the population’s resistance to disease is
high enough
Herd Immunity
A previously unknown disease that suddenly
appears in a population
Emerging disease
A known disease that suddenly appears in
a NEW population
Emerging disease
A known disease, previously on the decline, that is
becoming more common and will
likely continue to do so
Re-emerging disease
A stage of pathogen emergence in which
the pathogen is
exclusive to a single species
Stage 1
A stage of pathogen emergence in which
an animal can infect humans and other animals,
but there is no transfer among them
(Dead-end host)
Stage 2
A stage of pathogen emergence in which
an animal can infect humans and other animals
and there are a few cycles of transmission
among them
Stage 3
A stage of pathogen emergence in which
an animal can infect humans and other animals
and there is sustained transmission among them
Stage 4
A stage of pathogen emergence in which
a pathogen is exclusive to a new species
Stage 5
The malicious attempt to disrupt or destroy the
agricultural industry or food supply of
a population through the use of plant or animal pathogens
Agroterrorism
An attempt to prevent hazards from developing
into disasters altogether or to reduce the effects
of disasters when they occur
Mitigation
Actions taken to provide emergency assistance, save lives, minimize property damage, and speed recovery
Response
A team intended for use by LOCAL governments
for rapid response to a local event
and utilizes local resources
CART
County Animal Response Team
Interagency organizations dedicated to
helping during animal emergencies
and run as a public-private partnership
SART
State Animal Response Team
A federal level veterinary team that operates under
AVMA and provides assistance to state animal health authorities and functions to provide
early assessment volunteer teams, basic treatment
volunteer teams, and training
VMAT
Vet Medical Assistant Team
Part of the Department of Health and Human Services
National Disaster Medical Team.
A fully supported federal government team comprised of private citizens that have been approved as intermittent federal employees during a disaster and have professional expertise in the areas of vet med, public health, and research
NVRT
National Vet Response Team
Part of the USDA’s Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS),
this agency was established to respond to exotic disease outbreaks and other disasters that affect livestock, poultry, companion animals, and wildlife.
These people are considered temporary USDA APHIS employees
NAHERC
National Animal Health Emergency Response Corp
One of 7 uniformed services (not an armed service)
consisting of more than 6,500 health professionals and 100+ veterinarians whose officers are dedicated to PH promotion, response, science, and disease prevention
US Public Health Service
Part of the Department of Homeland Security,
this agency establishes a comprehensive, national, all-hazards approach to
domestic incidence response
NRF
National Response Framework
Part of Homeland Security Presedential Directive-5,
this is a core set of concepts, principles, and terminology for
incident command and the coordination of multiple agencies; It also mandates the use of the
Incident Command System (ICS)
NIMS
National Incident Management System
A system with a top-down structure standardized for
multi-agency cooperation and is mandated by
NIMS (National Incident Management System)
ICS
Incident Command System
Veterinarians are involved in which 2 of the 5
management functions of the ICS (Incident Command System)?
Operations and Planning
A disease that the government actively monitors
Regulatory animal disease
