Definitions: Test 1 Flashcards
Diseases with animal reservoirs
Zoonosis
The study of the distribution and determinants
of disease and other health outcomes in
animal populations
Epizootiology
Chronic infections with minimal symptoms caused by pathogens
Balanced pathogenicity
A habitat in which a pathogen normally
lives, grows, and multiplies
Reservoir
A pathogen
that undergoes changes or multiplies
while inside this living organism.
This activity is required for transmission
Biological vector
Disease caused by invasion and multiplication
of a living agent in/on a host
Infectious disease
Invasion, but not multiplication, of a living agent
in/on a host
Infestation
Disease that is transmissible from
one animal to another
via
direct or airborne routes
Contagious disease
Disease caused by an agent capable of transmission
by direct, airborne, OR INDIRECT routes
from an infected person, animal, reservoir, or fomites
Communicable disease
A curve that represent the number of NEW
cases of a disease over time
Epidemic curve
An epidemic curve representative of
CONTAGIOUS Diseases
and
exposure is followed by waves of cases
Propagated source
An epidemic curve that can determine
max, average, and minimum incubation times
and
exposure is at the same time from the same source
Common source single point exposure
An epidemic curve where exposure is
from the same source but at different times
and
this curve cannot determine incubation times
Common source with intermittant exposure
Factors that help determine the probability,
distribution, or severity of disease
in a population of animals.
An example is host susceptibility.
Determinant
A major contributing factor, usually a necessary one,
that helps determine the status of a disease in a population
Primary determinant
A predisposing or enabling factor that makes a disease more or less LIKELY
Secondary Determinant
This factor must always be present in order for
a disease to occur
primary determinant
If antimicrobial resistance is obtained
de novo,
what does that mean?
Resistance is obtained
through mutation
This is entirely determined by genotype
Genetic disease
This is partially determined by genotype
Genetic susceptibilities
The idea that infectious diseases can be contained if the population’s resistance to disease is
high enough
Herd Immunity
A previously unknown disease that suddenly
appears in a population
Emerging disease
A known disease that suddenly appears in
a NEW population
Emerging disease
A known disease, previously on the decline, that is
becoming more common and will
likely continue to do so
Re-emerging disease