Definitions termes importants Flashcards
Landscape
can be used as a noun but a lot of critics use it as a verb : to landscape.
= conjunction of a site and a way of perceiving the site.
Landscape can both designate the** artistic representation of the physical environment and its perception.** In both cases, we’re talking about visual perception and** visual representation** : a painting or a scenery.
In the term Landscape was introduced in the English Language first as designating paintings. The word landscape is always associated with the esthetic values
**In order to go from Land to Landscape there is always the conjunction of “what is seen” with “a way of seeing it”. **
To landscape
- Refers to** transformation of the natural environment into sth that looks like a landscape.** ex: landscape garden 18th, England (le jardin à l’anglaise).
- The second reason why they use it is linked with what landscape is in western culture. It’s a way of **looking and perceiving the natural environment. **
Wilderness
- Opposition between civilisation & cultivation & nature untouched by civilisation.
- Wilderness was **supposed to disappear in the 19th century. But in late 19th and 20th wilderness became sth valued **(// movie : into the wild)
- Wilderness is linked to** binary opposition, violent duality.**
- It is a cultural construct
Ekphrasis
Description détaillée et imagée, plus spécifiquement d’un objet ou d’une oeuvre d’art.
gothic
Gothic comes from Architecture. One of the topoi of the Gothic Genre is ruins. The Genre appeared in** late 18th, 19th century** ⇒ The Castle of Udolpho, The Castle Of Montranto, The Monk, Lewis.
It’s a British genre : those 3 novels have in common the** motif of the ruins of the very old castle that are usually set in a non-british environment **(rance, italy.. Catholic countries).
In the first phases of the genre, there are fairly define genres :
* The damsel in distress is usually kept in the castle at the mercy of the sexual appetite of her captor.
* **Unspeakable / unspoken **: what they are depend on the novel and is closely associated with sexual taboos. Ex : the monk was considered as a cronographic book because a priest rape women after having slept with Satan who happened to be a woman
Examples that don’t follow these rules
The picture of Dorian Gray : idea of the unspeakable / unspoken but also change of settings, from mediaeval settings to an urban setting where Dorian goes.
Dracula : we have 2 elts of the Gothic, Dracula’s castle but when we reach London it’s more linked with industrial century
*Dr Jekyll & Mr Hyde * : The site of haunting is no longer a castle
Bathos
when you take sth that is supposed to be elevated and you bring it into sth material.
Analespes / prolepses
Analepses : flash back
Prolepses : flash forward
Nature vs Culture
Nature vs Culture This opposition is a specificity of the western world. The western world understand nature as being ontological different from culture. This opposition wouldn’t be found in non european culture
topophilia
The love of a place : topophilia. The forging of the effective bond between place and setting.
⇒ Linked to environmental perception & environmental values
Soil & colony
→ Soil = word used in 17th and 19th for colony.
→ colony = derived from colere = to cultivate.
Entropic
Entropic force of the nature is a topos : as you progress in time there is a lost of energy. Order always eventually lapses in disorder
Etymology wilderness
Etymology of Wilderness : the space of the wild deer, by tacit understanding, the place of the wild deer was a territory beyond the authority of English common laws. The etymology of the term points to the wild animal & a place that is beyond the law = a lawless space.
⇒ King Louis 14th deciding to transform the Terre Sauvage into a garde = subjugating it, transforming the wilderness into a garden is about territorial control.
Picturesque
Picturesque = what can be turned into a picture, a painting & what looks like a painting
Ubiquity
on le trouve de partout
efficacy
what produces an effect
