Definitions, tables, Facts - Resp Flashcards
PO2 of inspired gas
PO2 = FiO2 x Patm
Eqns of PaO2 in trachea
PO2 = FiO2 (Patm-PH2O)
Alveloar gas eqn
PAO2 = (FiO2(Patm-PH2O) - (PACO2/RQ)
A-a gradient
PAO2 - PaO2
Oxygen content
Delivery
Content = (SpO2 x Hb x 1.34) + 0.023PaO2
Delivery = Content x CO
Types of hypoxia
Hypoxic - low arterial tension
Anaemic
Stagnant - low CO
Cyotoxic - poor utilisation by tissues
Compliance
Change in lung volume per unit change in pressure
Ml.cmH2O
Compliance eqn
1/total = 1/thorax + 1/lung
1/200 + 1/200 = 1/100 = 100
Driving pressure
Pplat - PEEP
Static compliance eqn
Cstat = Vt / (Pplat - PEEP)
Measured at absent flow
End inspiratory hold
Dynamic compliance eqn
Dyn = Vt / Ppeak - PEEP
Which is higher, peak or plateau pressure
Peak is higher
Peak is lung and chest wall compliance PLUS pressure to overcome airways
Which is lower Dynamic or Static
Dynamic is lower as peak is higher
Normal difference between static and dynamic compliance and why would it change
Dynamic is 2-3 ml.cmH2O lower
It will increase in obstructive disease when higher pressures needed
What would raise static compliance
Disease of parenchyma - ARDS, pneumonia
Chest wall - kyphoscoliosis, obesis, burns
Obesity
Pulse ox wavelengths
Isobestic points
660nm (absorbs de-oxy more) and 940nm (absorbs oxyHb more than de-oxy)
805nm (and 590nm)
What is an isobestic point
Point at which two substances absorb a certain wavelength of light to the same extent
Examples of oxygenation scores
P:F ratio
A-a gradient
Oxygenation index = (FiO2 x mean airwaypressure)/PaO2). X 100
Expresses the pressure needed to maintain a PF ratio
OI high - bad
Wavelength of IR for capnography
4.3um
Phases of capnograph
1 (flat line) inspiratory baseline. Inspiratroy gas with no CO2
2 - expiratory upstroke, deadspace gas turning to alveolar gas
3 - Alveloar plataeu
0 inspiratory downstorke
Role of capnograph
A - tube in right place
Remains in place
Tube patency and vent circuit
B - RR
Pathology - bronchospasm
Calculate dead space from increasing PeCO2 and PaCO2 (normally 0.7)
C - Presence of circulation —> CPR
Sudden fall - reduced CO
Peak pressure def
Max airway pressure in the cycle
Pressure applied to the large airways
Plateau pressure def
Pressure in airway during an inspiratory pause
Pressure applied to the alveoli
Describes types of ventilation
Describe in terms of CONTROL, CYCLE or TRIGGER