Definitions: Philosophical, Ethical and Religious Issues Flashcards
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Adultery
Sexual act between a married person and someone other than their marriage partner
Divorce
Legal dissolution of a marriage by a court
Cohabitation
Living without being married
Commitment
Being dedicated by giving your time and energy to another person
Contraception
Intentionally preventing pregnancy from occurring
Gender equality
Men and women being treated equally and not discriminated against on the grounds of gender
Responsibilities
Being accountable and having a duty towards another person
Roles
The characteristic and expected social behaviour of an individual in a family
Afterlife
State of being in life after death
Environmental sustainability
State in which demands placed by humans on the environment can be met
Euthanasia
Painless killing of someone dying from a painful disease
Evolution
Gradual development of organisms over time from simple to more complex forms
Abortion
Removal of a foetus from the womb before it can survive
Quality of life
Idea that life must have some characteristics for it to be worth living
Sanctity of life
Belief that human life is holy because it is created by and belongs to God
Soul
Spiritual and immaterial part of a human being which lives on after death for ever
Good
That which is considered morally right, beneficial and to our advantage
Evil
That which is considered extremely immoral, wicked and wrong
Forgiveness
To grant pardon for a wrongdoing; to give up resentment and the desire to seek revenge against a wrongdoer
Free Will
The ability to make choices voluntarily and independently. Te belief that nothing is predetermined
Justice
Fairness; where everyone has equal provisions and opportunity
Morality
Principles and standards determining which actions are right or wrong
Punishment
A penalty given to someone for a rime or a wrong they have done
Sin
Deliberate immoral acton, breaking a religious or moral law
Suffering
Pain or distress caused by injury, illness or loss. Suffering can be physical, emotional/psychological or spiritual
Censorship
The practice of suppressing and limiting access to materials considered obscene, offensive or a threat to security. People may also be restricted in their speech by censorship laws
Discrimination
Acts of treating groups of people, or individuals differently, based on prejudice
Extremism
Believing in and supporting ideas that are very far from what most people consider correct or reasonable
Human rights
The basic entitlements of all human beings, afforded to them simply because they are human
Personal conviction
Something a person strongly feels or believes in
Prejudice
Pre-judging; judging people to be inferior or superior without cause
Relative poverty
A standard of poverty measured in relation to the standards of a society in which a person lives e.g. living on less than x% of average UK income
Absolute poverty
An acute state of deprivation, whereby a person cannot access the most basic of their human needs
Social justice
Promoting a fair society by challenging injustice and valuing diversity. Ensuring that everyone has equal access to provisions, equal opportunities and rights.
