Definitions, Orientations, Positions Flashcards
What is anatomy and what is physiology?
Anatomy is the science of body structures physiology is the since of body functions.
What are the levels of structural organization?
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, systems, organism
What are the planes of movement of the human body?
Sagittal Plane: divides the body into left and right parts. Mid-sagittal or median divides the body into equal parts left and right. Coronal Plane (or frontal plane): divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts. Transverse Plane: divides the superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts of the body.
What are the body cavities?
Body cavities are spaces within the body that protect, support and se perante organs, such as the: cranial cavity, vertebral cavity, thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity.
What does superior mean?
Towards the head. Above.
What does inferior mean?
Toward the feet. Below.
What does cranial mean?
Toward the head. Of the cranium (skull)
What does caudal mean?
Toward the feet. Something that is located behind.
What does posterior mean?
Toward the back. Behind.
What does anterior mean?
Towards the front
What does medial mean?
Closer the the midline of the body.
What does lateral mean?
Away from the midline
What does distal mean?
Away from the trunk or midline, center of the body.
What does proximal mean?
Toward the midline, trunk, or center of the body
What does superficial mean?
Closer to the surface
What does deep mean?
A structure that is deeper in the body, away from the surface.
What does abduction mean?
Abduction of a joint moves a bone away from the midline of the body. Movements are conducted in the coronal plane.
What is adduction?
Adduction of a joint moves bone toward the midline of the body (or in the case of fingers and toes, toward the midline of the hand or foot once the appendages have been splayed). Movements of adduction are conducted in the coronal plane.
What is flexion?
Flexion of a joint is the bend or decrease the angle between the bones of the joint. Movements are conducted in the sagittal plane.
What is extension?
Extension of a joint is to straighten it. Extensions are directed in the sagittal plane.
What is circumduction?
Circumduction is a circular movement permitted by certain kind of joints (ex ball and socket, saddle and condylar) characterized by flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction done in sequence.
What is rotation?
Rotation of a joint is to turn the moving bone about its axis.
