Definitions of chapter 2 Flashcards
Nervous system
A network of billions of cells in the brain and the body responsible for all aspects of what we think, feel and do.
CNS
The part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord.
PNS
The part of the nervous system that consists of all the nerve cells throughout the body except those in the brain and spinal cord.
Neurons
The basic units of the nervous
Dendrites
Short branchlike extensions of neuron cells body with receptor that receive info from neurons
Cell Body
Part of the neuron where info from neurons is collected and integrated
Axons
A long narrow outgrowth of neurons cell body that lets the neuron transmit info to other neurons
Terminal Bouton
Parts of the neuron, at the end of axons, that release neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synapse.
Synapse
The space between neurons where communication takes place via neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters
Chemical substances that carry signal from one neuron to the next.
Myelin sheath
A fatty material that covers and insulates some axons to allow for faster movement of electrical impulses along the axon.
Brocas area
A small portion of the left frontal region of the brain; this area is crucial for producing speech
Medulla
Breathing, heart rate, other survival mechanisms
Pons:
Sleep, arousal, left right body movement coordination
Cerebellum
Motor learning, coordination, and balance
Substantia nigra
Initiation of voluntary motor activity
Thalamus
Sensory info(except smell)
Hypothalamus:
Regulation of body functions(for example, sleep, temperature, and motivation
Amygdala:
Association of emotions with experiences
Occipital Lobes:
Vision
Parietal lobes
Touch, spatial info
Temporal lobes
Hearing, memory
Frontal lobes
planning, movement and complex thought.
Genes
The units of heridity, which partially determines an organisms characteristics.
Monozygotic twins
Identical twins; result of one zygote splitting in two so they share the same genes
Dizygotic twins
Fraternal twins; Result from two seperately zygote. Less similar
Plasticity
A property of the brain that cause it to change through experience, drugs, or injury
