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LPC 2020 ATS1247 Archaeology > Definitions List > Flashcards

Definitions List Flashcards

1
Q

Give a meaning for:

Abu Hureyra

A

Neolithic Village - Gazelle experimentation 9500-5000 BCE

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2
Q

Give a meaning for:

Abydos

A

Site of the very first pharaoh burials. C. 3000 BCE.

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3
Q

Give a meaning for:

Acheulian

A

Oval and pear shaped ‘hand axes’ associated with H. erectus.

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4
Q

Give a meaning for:

Achilles

A

Homer’s central character and he is the hero of the Trojan War.

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5
Q

Give a meaning for:

Aegean

A

Region of the Aegean Sea and lands.

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6
Q

Give a meaning for:

Agamemnon

A

King of Mycenae?

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7
Q

Give a meaning for:

Ahhiyawa

A

People to the West of Hatti.

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8
Q

Give a meaning for:

Akkad

A

Area of Southern Mesopotamia and parts of Syria, Anatolia and Elam.

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9
Q

Give a meaning for:

Akhenaten

A

Formerly Amenhotep IV.

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10
Q

Give a meaning for:

Akhetaten

A

“Horizon of the Aten” - a.k.a. Amarna.

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11
Q

Give a meaning for:

Akrotiri

A

Cycladic Bronze Age settlement on Volcanic Island Santorini. Destroyed and buried in ash.

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12
Q

Give a meaning for:

Amarna

A

Letters or Tell El Amarna

Tell El Amarna was Akhenaten’s capital city.

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13
Q

Give a meaning for:

Amenhotep

A

Pharaoh

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14
Q

Give a meaning for:

amphora

A

Greek ceramic jar with two vertical handles. Used for storing liquids and solids.

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15
Q

Give a meaning for:

Amurru

A

Kingdom in Western Syria/Northern Lebanon.

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16
Q

Give a meaning for:

Anatolia

A

Modern Day Turkey. Country/ region where Hittites occupied.

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17
Q

Give a meaning for:

Anemospilia

A

4 room shrine on Mt Jutkas. 3 violently killed skeletons inside and one killed because of an earthquake. Cult practice.

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18
Q

Give a meaning for:

Ankesenamun

A

Akhenaten’s daughter. Tutankhamun’s wife. His half-sister.

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19
Q

Give a meaning for:

Anu

A

Ancestor of all the deities in Ancient Mesopotamia.

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20
Q

Give a meaning for:

Anubis

A

God that brings the dead forward to be judged (Egyptian)

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21
Q

Give a meaning for:

ashlar

A

Masonry of large square cut stones, used as a facing on walls of brick or stone rubble.

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22
Q

Give a meaning for:

Assur

A

Capital city of the Old Assyrian Empire.

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23
Q

Give a meaning for:

Assyria

A

Mespotamian country. Took over Mitanni and faced the Hittites.

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24
Q

Give a meaning for:

Atrius

A

Father of Agamemnon and Menelaus in Greek Mythology.

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25
Q

Give a meaning for:

Australopithecus

A

Earliest known form of humans.

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26
Q

Give a meaning for:

Baal

A

Title meaning “owner”, “lord” in the Levant. Was applied to Gods as well.

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27
Q

Give a meaning for:

Babylonia

A

Vassal state of Mesopotamia.

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28
Q

Give a meaning for:

Bahrain

A

Location of an ancient Dilmun civilization.

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29
Q

Give a meaning for:

Blegen

A

Carl Blegen (American) archaeologist worked on Pylos and Troy.

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30
Q

Give a meaning for:

Canaan

A

Other name for the Levant. Consists of Israel, Palestine, the Westbank, West Jordan, SOuthern coast of Syria, Southern Turkey

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31
Q

Give a meaning for:

Cape Gelidonya

A

Where the Uluburun Ship was found.

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32
Q

Give a meaning for:

Carchemish

A

City in the Levant. Was seized by Akhenaten, captured by Hittites later.

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33
Q

Give a meaning for:

cartouche

A

A carved tablet or drawing representing a scroll with rolled up ends, used ornamentally or bearing an inscription.

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34
Q

Give a meaning for:

Catalhoyuk

A

Neolithic Village - 6500-500, standard housing, shrines (mounted bull horns), collective burials. Fertility sculptures.

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35
Q

Give a meaning for:

Clytemnestra

A

Wife of Agamemnon. Sister of Helen. In Greek Mythology.

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36
Q

Give a meaning for:

cuneiform

A

Progression from pictographic writing - c.2400 BCE - dashes making a rough picture

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37
Q

Give a meaning for:

cyclopean

A

Description of the size of the walls at Mycenae.

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38
Q

Give a meaning for:

Dier el Bahri

A

Mass mortuary temple and tomb structure. Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut?

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39
Q

Give a meaning for:

Djoser

A

First pharaoh to have a step pyramid as a tomb.

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40
Q

Give a meaning for:

Euphrates

A

River running through the Fertile Crescent (Modern Syria and Iraq)

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41
Q

Give a meaning for:

excarnation

A

The removal of flesh and or organs of the dead before a burial - process of mummification.

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42
Q

Give a meaning for:

fresco

A

A wall painting

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43
Q

Give a meaning for:

Gilgamesh

A

Legend Hero

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44
Q

Give a meaning for:

Gobeklitepe

A

Neolithic Village - 11600-10000, no town, circular structures, enclosures(closed/destroyed)

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45
Q

Give a meaning for:

Halys

A

Halys river in Turkey.

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46
Q

Give a meaning for:

Hammurabi

A

King of Babylon. 1792-1750 BCE - Law code (x300). Prologue, Laws, epilogue.

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47
Q

Give a meaning for:

Harappa

A

Site in Pakistan, Indus Valley civilisation. Impressive, organised and regular layout of structure. Literate people.

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48
Q

Give a meaning for:

Hatshepsut

A

Female Pharaoh. Daughter of Thutmose I. Highest priestess in the cult of Amun. Prolific builder at Karnak.

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49
Q

Give a meaning for:

Hatti

A

Hittite region of Anatolia.

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50
Q

Give a meaning for:

Hattusa

A

Capital city of Hatti.

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51
Q

Give a meaning for:

Hatusili

A

1: Expansions, conflicts with Ahhiyawa, controlled trade.
3: Signed peace treaty with Egyptians at Kadesh.

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52
Q

Give a meaning for:

Hector

A

Characters of Homer’s Troy

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53
Q

Give a meaning for:

Helen

A

Characters of Homer’s Troy

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54
Q

Give a meaning for:

hieroglyphic

A

Pictographic writing form of the Egyptians.

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55
Q

Give a meaning for:

Hisarlik

A

The mound where Ancient Troy was excavated.

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56
Q

Give a meaning for:

Hittite

A

Cultural group of Hattusa. People of a thousand gods.

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57
Q

Give a meaning for:

Homo erectus

A

First fully erect ‘human’ form. Walked out of Africa in this form.

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58
Q

Give a meaning for:

Homo ergaster

A

Human evolution stage - still in Africa.

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59
Q

Give a meaning for:

Homo habilis

A

Human evolution stage - User of Oldowan stone tools.

60
Q

Give a meaning for:

Homo sapiens

A

Final stage of human evolution.

61
Q

Give a meaning for:

Horus

A

Son of Osiris. Presents the dead to Osiris once they pass the heart test.

62
Q

Give a meaning for:

Inanna

A

Goddess

63
Q

Give a meaning for:

Jericho

A

Neolithic Village - Seasonal settlement, Pre Pottery Neolithic A and B (social change)

64
Q

Give a meaning for:

Kadesh

A

City in the Levant where Hittites and Egyptians fought. Major trade point.

65
Q

Give a meaning for:

Kato Zakro

A

Eastern coast of Crete with ruins of a Minoan civilisation.

66
Q

Give a meaning for:

Khafre

A

Son of Khufu. Built the second pyramid of Giza and the Sphinx.

67
Q

Give a meaning for:

Khufu

A

Son of Sneferu. Built the Great pyramid of Giza.

68
Q

Give a meaning for:

Kinahhu

A

Hurrian for Canaan.

69
Q

Give a meaning for:

Knossos

A

Main Minoan Palace. Excavated by Evans.

70
Q

Give a meaning for:

Lagash

A

City in the Fertile Crescent - at war with Umma - Memorialised on a stele of the Vultures

71
Q

Give a meaning for:

Lake Mungo

A

Dried up lake in NSW, AUS. Remains of 3 humans, potentially the oldest.

72
Q

Give a meaning for:

lapis lazuli

A

A short, deep-blue metamorphic rock.

73
Q

Give a meaning for:

lawagetas

A

Leader of the people of Mycenaean Greece. 2nd in command to wanax.

74
Q

Give a meaning for:

Lebanon

A

A part of the Levant.

75
Q

Give a meaning for:

Lipit-Ishtar

A

Another Sumerian king with a law code. Between Ur-Nammu and Hammurabi.

76
Q

Give a meaning for:

Lukka

A

People to the South of Hatti. Also known as sea-peoples by Egyptians.

77
Q

Give a meaning for:

lustral basin

A

Bath like structure in throne room.

78
Q

Give a meaning for:

Luxor

A

Modern day Thebes in Egypt. The Pharaoh’s capital during 16th and 11th c. BCE. Two temples, Karnak and Luxor temples. Has inscriptions about Kadesh.

79
Q

Give a meaning for:

Madjedbebe

A

Sandstone rock shelter in NT (AUS) - oldest evidence of human habitation in Aus.

80
Q

Give a meaning for:

Malia

A

Major settlement in Minoan Crete. Third largest Palace.

81
Q

Give a meaning for:

Mari

A

Ancient cemitic city state in modern day syria.

82
Q

Give a meaning for:

Marinatos

A

Greek archeologist Spyridon Marinatos - discovered Akrotiri. Excavator in Crete and Mycenae.

83
Q

Give a meaning for:

Mariyannu

A

What the Egyptians called the Mitanni peoples. Known for horsemanship and chariots. Separated Egyptians from Hittites.

84
Q

Give a meaning for:

Mediterranean

A

Sea/Region

85
Q

Give a meaning for:

megaron

A

Large ceremonial hall with fire pit.

86
Q

Give a meaning for:

Megiddo

A

City where battle took place in the Levant. Thutmose III, held Meggido for 7 months. Fought Hittites.

87
Q

Give a meaning for:

Mellaart

A

James Mellaart - discovered Catalhoyuk in Turkey.

88
Q

Give a meaning for:

Memphis

A

Ancient City in Lower Egypt near Giza.

89
Q

Give a meaning for:

Menelaus

A

King of Mycenaean Sparta. Husband of Helen of Troy. From Homer’s books.

90
Q

Give a meaning for:

Menkaure

A

Pharaoh who built the third and smallest pyramid at Giza, with 3 accompanying pyramids for queens.

91
Q

Give a meaning for:

Merenptah

A

Ramesses II successor. Depicted groups of sea peoples that attacked Egypt with Libyans.

92
Q

Give a meaning for:

Mesopotamia

A

Region

93
Q

Give a meaning for:

Minoan

A

Culture of Ancient Crete. Named by Sir Arthur Evans.

94
Q

Give a meaning for:

Mitanni

A

Country between Anatolia and Assyria in the Fertile Crescent.

95
Q

Give a meaning for:

mortar

A

Material used to hold buildings together.

96
Q

Give a meaning for:

Mursili

A

1: Assassinated (had expanded borders)

2 and 3: fought at Kadesh.

97
Q

Give a meaning for:

Muwatali

A

Muwatali II fought at Kadesh.

98
Q

Give a meaning for:

Mycenae

A

City of Mycenaean Greece. Mainland. Walled city - referred to as Golden Mycenae by Homer.

99
Q

Give a meaning for:

Naram-Sin

A

Grandson of Sargon of Akkad. Self proclaimed god. Imitating Gilgamesh on a stele with horns of deity.

100
Q

Give a meaning for:

Natufian

A

Culture - foragers(wheat, barley gazelle, deer, cattle, horse, wild boar), lived in Jericho.

101
Q

Give a meaning for:

Neanderthal

A

Stage in human evolution. After H. erectus. Large brow bone.

102
Q

Give a meaning for:

Nefertiti

A

Great wife of Akhenaten.

103
Q

Give a meaning for:

Nestor

A

The king of Pylos in Homer’s Odyssey.

104
Q

Give a meaning for:

Odysseus

A

Main protagonist in Homer’s epic the ‘Odyssey’.

105
Q

Give a meaning for:

Oldowan

A

Oldest known stone tool industry.

106
Q

Give a meaning for:

Orontes

A

River. Thutomose I erected a stele here. Border of Mitanni

107
Q

Give a meaning for:

Osiris

A

God of the afterlife (Egypt). Observes the dead being justified and allows entry to the afterlife.

108
Q

Give a meaning for:

Paranthropus

A

Form of human evolution. Still quite ape-like. After australopithecus.

109
Q

Give a meaning for:

Pausanius

A

Heroes graves would be in the midst of the meeting place. Description of a Spartan general.

110
Q

Give a meaning for:

Petrie

A

Flinders Petrie. Excavator at the Great Pyramids of Egypt in 1890. Also excavated at Tell El Amarna.

111
Q

Give a meaning for:

Phaistos

A

Minoan Palace. Evidence of Linear B script.

112
Q

Give a meaning for:

Priam

A

The Last king of Troy in Greek mythology.

113
Q

Give a meaning for:

Puduhepa

A

Queen of Hattusili III - 2nd in command. Prominent role in government, ruled with her son.

114
Q

Give a meaning for:

Punt

A

Ancient Kingdom that partnered with Egypt for trade. Hatshepsut traded here.

115
Q

Give a meaning for:

Pylos

A

City in mainland Greece. Overlooks the bay in a sheltered position. Elaborately decorated hearth.

116
Q

Give a meaning for:

Ramesses

A

2: Fought at Kadesh. Was a part of the treaty.

117
Q

Give a meaning for:

rhyton

A

Cup for ceremonial libations.

118
Q

Give a meaning for:

Saqqara

A

Early dynastic mastaba (bench) tombs. Also the site of the Step Pyramid of Djoser.

119
Q

Give a meaning for:

sarcophagus

A

Elaborately decorated coffin for a pharaoh.

120
Q

Give a meaning for:

Sargon

A

King of Akkad, no dates of his reign, name meant ‘well founded King’, took over other cities.

121
Q

Give a meaning for:

Schliemann

A

Heinrich Schliemann. Relied on Homer. Discovered Ancient Troy. Had chance to buy Kefala Hill.

122
Q

Give a meaning for:

Seti

A

1: Pharaoh that recorded issues with Hittites. Father of Ramesses II. Found Hittites in Kadesh.

123
Q

Give a meaning for:

Shamash

A

Mesopotamian god of the Sun.

124
Q

Give a meaning for:

Sneferu

A

Pharaoh that built 3 pyramids; Meidum, Bent and Red (First true pyramid) Pyramids.

125
Q

Give a meaning for:

Suppiluliuma

A

Contemporary with 18th/19th dynasty of Egypt, Mitanni and Assyria.

126
Q

Give a meaning for:

Syria

A

A part of the Levant. .

127
Q

Give a meaning for:

Taite

A

One of the capitals of the Mitanni Empire.

128
Q

Give a meaning for:

Teshub

A

Hittite/Hurrian god of sky and storm.

129
Q

Give a meaning for:

Thebes

A

City of the Pharaohs. Was the capital city.

130
Q

Give a meaning for:

tholos

A

Beehive tomb - circular in shape with a conical roof and surrounding colonnade.

131
Q

Give a meaning for:

Thutmose

A

1: Deal with Mitanni
2: Married to Hatshepsut
3: Co-reigned with Hatshepsut.

132
Q

Give a meaning for:

Tigris

A

River running through the Fertile Crescent (Modern Syria and Iraq)

133
Q

Give a meaning for:

Tiryns

A

Mycenaean hill fort. Proposed location where Heracles performed his Twelve Labours.

134
Q

Give a meaning for:

Tudhaliya

A

4: Son of Puduhepa. Built Yazilikaya, reunited Hittites, fought Ahhiyawa people.

135
Q

Give a meaning for:

Tutankhamun

A

Son of Akhenaten, found by Howard Carter in 1926. Fully intact tomb in the Valley of the Kings. Abandoned Amarna for Memphis.

136
Q

Give a meaning for:

Ugarit

A

Large port city in the Levant.

137
Q

Give a meaning for:

Uluburun

A

Merchant ship found on Turkey’s coast. Travelling anti-clockwise around the Mediterranean with goods from multiple places.

138
Q

Give a meaning for:

Umma

A

City in the Fertile Crescent - at war with Lagash- Memorialised on a stele of the Vultures

139
Q

Give a meaning for:

Ur-Nammu

A

King 350yrs before Hammurabi. Made a law code c. 2100BCE at Nippur.

140
Q

Give a meaning for:

wanax

A

Supreme authority of Mycenaean Greece - head of state, administration and Religion.

141
Q

Give a meaning for:

Warka

A

Vase (Uruk) - Artistic interpretation of hierarchy found in Sumerian goddess Inanna’s temple.

142
Q

Give a meaning for:

Washukani

A

Capital city of Mitanni. Pre-Assyrian name of it.

143
Q

Give a meaning for:

Wilusa

A

North Western Turkey (Troy), treaty later on.

144
Q

Give a meaning for:

Woolley

A

Leonard Woolley. Excavator of the Royal Cemetery of Ur. Excavated 16 tombs.

145
Q

Give a meaning for:

Yazilikaya

A

Holy site at Hattusa. Inscribed Rock with 2 chambers.

146
Q

Give a meaning for:

Zannanza

A

Son of Suppiluliuma I, was sent to Egypt to become a Prince of Egypt but his death resulted in warfare.

147
Q

Give a meaning for:

Ziggurat

A

Tall temple towers, more elaborate, based on raised platform of earlier temples. Very Visible. Symbol of occupation Ur III Dynasty.

LPC 2020 ATS1247 Archaeology (2 decks)

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