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LPC 2020 ATS1247 Archaeology > 01 Simple Questions > Flashcards

01 Simple Questions Flashcards

1
Q

At Neolithic Abu Hureyra there is evidence for an unsuccessful experiment in domesticating what animal?

A

Gazelle

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2
Q

The earliest farming settlements appear in what band of territory?

A

Fertile Crescent

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3
Q

Which of the following is not a founder species for the domestication of species in the ancient Near East?

A

Lentils

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4
Q

The ‘shrines’ at Çatalhöyük are decorated with the horns of what?

A

Cattle

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5
Q

True or False?

Are domesticated cereals likely to have smaller grains that detach easily from the stalk?

A

False

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6
Q

What item of jewellery has been used to show that the position of the retainers’ bodies in the Great Death Pit was well organised?

List 2

A
  • Head dresses
  • Gold head bands
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7
Q

True/False

Was the author Agatha Christie was inspired by the excavations at Ur?

A

True

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8
Q

Who funded Woolley’s excavation at Ur?

A

The University of Pennsylvania
&
the British Museum

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9
Q

Which animal’s head was regularly used to decorate the harps found at Ur?

A

Bulls

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10
Q

In what decade did Woolley’s excavations at Ur begin?

A

1920s

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11
Q

Who built the most pyramids?

A

Senferu

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12
Q

Which king built the Great Pyramid?

A

Khufu

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13
Q

How many wooden boats survived in association with the Great Pyramid at Giza?

A

Two

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14
Q

Which king is generally agreed to have built the Sphinx?

A

Khafre

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15
Q

What is the height of the Great Pyramid?

A

146.5 metres

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16
Q

Neolithic Revolution

What god did Hatshepsut claim was her divine father?

A

Amun

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17
Q

Neolithic Revolution

What o did Hatshepsut’s army retrieve on their great African expedition?

A

Incense

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18
Q

Neolithic Revolution

What characteristics described the ideal ancient Egyptian king?

List of 4 characteristics

A
  • Male
  • Physically fit
  • Egyptian
  • Of just character
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19
Q

Neolithic Revolution

Which king did Hatshepsut share the throne with?

A

Thutmose III

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20
Q

Neolithic Revolution

Which divinities did Akhenaten show a degree of tolerance towards?

A

Deities with solar associations.

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21
Q

Neolithic Revolution

What is the date of the rich shaft graves in Circle A?

A

1600 BCE, some 400 years before the presumed date of the Trojan War

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22
Q

Neolithic Revolution

Who excavated Grave Circle A?

A

Schliemann

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23
Q

Neolithic Revolution

Which ancient author located the graves of the heroes in the midst of the meeting place at Mycenae?

A

Pausanias

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24
Q

Neolithic Revolution

How many graves are known in Circle B?

A

24

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25
Q

Neolithic Revolution

Who excavated Grave Circle B?

A

Milonas

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26
Q

Neolithic Revolution

Minoan palace buildings are typically organised around a:

A

Central court

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27
Q

Neolithic Revolution

What was the major material used by Evans in his reconstruction of the throne room at Knossos?

A

Reinforced concrete

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28
Q

Neolithic Revolution

What term did Evans use to describe the stylised bulls’ horns found around Knossos?

A

Horns of Consecration

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29
Q

Neolithic Revolution

What type of animal has been pictured either side of the ‘throne’ in the Throne Room at Knossos?

A

Griffin

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30
Q

Neolithic Revolution

True or false: Heinrich Schliemann had an opportunity to buy Kefala Hill, the site of the palace of Knossos.

A

True

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31
Q

Neolithic Revolution

The contested region in which the Hittite and Egyptian armies fought was known as:

A

The kingdom of Amurru

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32
Q

Neolithic Revolution

Who were the leaders of the Egyptian Empire and Hittite Empire in the battle of Kadesh?

A

Ramesses II

&

Muwatali II

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33
Q

Neolithic Revolution

What act confirmed the peace treaty between the Egyptians and their opponents?

A

Diplomatic marriage

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34
Q

Neolithic Revolution

The peace treaty resulting from the Battle of Kadesh was concluded between which two kings?

A

Ramesses II

&

Hattusili III

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35
Q

Neolithic Revolution

A replica of the peace treaty between the Hittites and Egyptians is on display at:

A

The United Nations headquarters in New York

36
Q

What things became common in the Neolithic?

A
  • Agriculture
  • Sedentism
  • Urbanism
  • pastoralism
37
Q

What is PPNA & PPNB?

A

Pre-pottery Neolithic A & B

38
Q

What is Jericho?

A

Jericho == one of the oldest occupied sites 1200BC

39
Q

What are the characteristics of Jericho Neolithic A

A
  • Rounded walls on houses
  • Already have extensive trade relations
40
Q

What are the characteristics of Jericho Neolithic B

A
  • Rectangular walls
  • Communal identity
  • Town planning (early roads)
41
Q

What are the features of Jericho?

A
  • 9 meter tall tower
  • 3 meter tall wall surrounding the site. But this is not likely to be defensive.
  • Potential for ritual activity.
42
Q

What is the ritual practice of Jericho?

A
  • Plaster Skulls have been found
  • Place in specific locations around the site.
  • Seen as evidence of an ancestor cult.
43
Q

What is distinctive about ABU Huregra?

A

At ABU Huregra there is evidence of attempted domestication of Gazelle and sheep

The ABU Huregra people’s:

  • Bones have evidence of extended kneeling.
  • Compressed vertebrae indicates carrying heavy loads.
  • Teeth have abrasion from eating habits
44
Q

What is significant about the law code of Harmmurabi

A

Longest, best organized and most complete law code of the ancient world

45
Q

2 key features of the law code of Harmmurabi

A

Many of the laws in the law code relate to marriage
Law code was more used as a guide rather a concrete set of laws

46
Q

How did the law code of Harmmurabi separate people?

A

People separated into three classes=
• Awilum=free citizen
• Mushkenum=commoner
• Wardum = slave

47
Q

What is the first evidence of royalty in Ur?

A

The royal cemetery of Ur

48
Q

What are the Ebla palace archives?

A
  • About 5000 tablets
  • Written in cuneiform in eblaite
  • Mostly economic
49
Q

Did women in Ur hold high positions in court?

A

Yes

50
Q

Who was Sargon of Arkhard?

A

Created the first Akkadian empire

51
Q

Who took over the Akkadian empire?

A

Naram-Sin

King Sargon of Akkad’s Grandson

52
Q

What are 2 key aspects of Naram Sin

A
  • Reputation of being a tyrant
  • Made himself a god
53
Q

Why did the Akkadian empire fall?

A

Famine and Drought

54
Q

What is the probable cause of the Akkadian fall?

A

Climate change

55
Q

Why was it believed the Akkadian Empire was destroyed?

A

Naram-Sin angered the chief god Enlil by plundering the Ekur
(Enlil’s temple in Nippur)

56
Q

What are the characteristics of Ur III?

A
  • Well organised, bureaucratic nation state
  • Growth and centralization of taxation
  • Growth in bureaucracy response to the disaster of Akkad.
57
Q

How was taxation managed in Ur III

A

Taxation was in grain and livestock.

58
Q

What were the reforms of Shalgi?

A
  • Deification of the king
  • Creation of a standing army
  • Creation of a unified administration
  • Introduction of agricultural taxation system
  • Creation of huge bureaucratic system
  • Writing invented
59
Q

Australia & New Guinea

When did the first people colonise Australia?

A

65,000 years ago

60
Q

What is significant about Kuk Swamp?

A

Archaeological evidence for early agricultural drainage systems was found at Kuk Swamp, beginning about 9,000 years ago.

It includes draining ditches of three major classes, which were used to convert the area to an anthropogenic grassland.

The native crop taro was grown here.

61
Q

What are the characteristics of the Motuan culture?

4 points

A
  • Motuan villages could produce 20,000 pots per year
  • Women made and owned the pots
  • Men went on trading voyages
  • Trading languages developed to communicate
62
Q

How were Motuan villages arranged?

A

By AD1788 home to around 820 different languages
Villages are located very close to the sea
Village construction and large permanent settlement
• Desire for trade
• Defence
• Ceremonial and social

63
Q

How many Egyption pyramids are known?

A

About 90 pyramids are known.

64
Q

When did the Egyptian state emerge?

A

3000BC == when the Egyptian state emerged

65
Q

What were the three main eras of Egypt?

A
  • Old kingdom
  • Middle kingdom
  • New kingdom
66
Q

Where are the Pyramids?

A

Pyramids are concentrated to the north of the country

All pyramids are on the west bank of the river (side of the dead)

67
Q

What is Abydos known for?

A

Burials of the very first kings of Egypt

68
Q

What is found at Saqqara?

A

Early Dynastic mastaba tombs of high officials

69
Q

Which is the First Pyramid?

A

Step pyramid of Djoser

70
Q

Who was Sneferu?

A

First person to build a smooth sided pyramid

71
Q

What is important about the Median Pyramid?

A

It had sides too steep so it collapsed

72
Q

What is important about the Bent Pyramid?

A

The sides start too steep and adjust part way up the pyramids

73
Q

What are the red pyramids?

A

The first true pyramids?

74
Q

How was Maat?

A

Maat was the personification of justice in the Egyptian religion.

75
Q

What is the meaning of Isfet?

A

Chaos

76
Q

Who is Hatshepsut?

A

“Foremost of Noble Ladies”

1507–1458 BC was the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

She was the second historically-confirmed female pharaoh, the first being Sobekneferu.

77
Q

Whp is Thutmose II?

A

Thutmose II ruled Egypt for 12 years had son

78
Q

Who was Hatshepsut?

A

Hatshepsut was brought in as regent for Thutmose III

Hatshepsut Served for seven years but did not step aside when the king came of age

Hatshepsut

  • Prolific builder, built lots of temples
  • Expedition to gather incense from punt

Thutmose III remained as co ruler with no signs of amosisity

79
Q

What is Egyptian arts main purpose?

A

To maintain Maat

80
Q

Who is Akhenaten?

A

He came to power at a very prosperous time

Akhenaten held jubilee festivals three years into his reign when it was meant to be held in the 30th year of his reign

81
Q

Who was Hatshepsut?

A

Hatshepsut had her portraits portrayed as more masculine over time.

Hatshepsut claimed she was of divine birth, claimed her father presented her as the next heir.

82
Q

Who was the highest ranking priestess in the cult of Amun?

A

God’s wife of Amun

83
Q

Who was Amun?

A

Amun was the god of kingship (patron god of kings)

84
Q

What are two major changes durin the Neolithic Revolution?

A

Environmental change: warming of the planet

Human response: domestication of animals

85
Q

Where did agriculture develop?

A

Agriculture developed independently in several parts of the world.

Near east/Mesopotamia was the first to develop Agriculture

LPC 2020 ATS1247 Archaeology (2 decks)

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