Definitions for basic concepts

Question 1

hydrocarbon

Answer 1

compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 2

saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 2

contain only single carbon to carbon bonds
alkanes
general formula is CnH2n+2

Question 3

unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 3

contain at least one multiple bond betweencarbon atoms
C to C double bond known as alkenes
general formula is CnH2n
if bond is a C to C triple bond compounds called alkynes
compounds containing a benzene ring are unsaturated

Question 4

homologous series

Answer 4

a family of compounds containing the same functional group but with each successive member of the series differing by a -CH2 group

Question 5

functional group

Answer 5

an atop/group responsible for the characteristic reactions of the compound

Question 6

aromatic compound

Answer 6

compounds containing a benzene ring (C6H6)

Question 7

aliphatic compounds

Answer 7

compouns of carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non aromatic rings

Question 8

alicyclic compounds

Answer 8

aliphatic compounds arranged in aromatic rings with or without side chains

Question 9

IUPAC nomenclature of orgainc chemistry

Answer 9

systematic method of naming orgainc chemical compounds as reccomended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Question 10

empirical formula

Answer 10

shows simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element present in the compound

Question 11

molecular formula

Answer 11

shows actual number of atoms of each element present in one molecule

Question 12

general formula

Answer 12

simplest algerbraic formula for any member of a homologous series

Question 13

displayed formula

Answer 13

relative positioning of the atoms and the bonds between them and shows all the bonds and how all the atoms are joined together

Question 14

structural formula

Answer 14

ambiguous and shows minimum detail required for arrangement of atoms in molecule

Question 15

skeletal formula

Answer 15

ambiguous and hides every C atom and any H atoms which is directly attached to a C atom leaving just carbon skeleton and any functional groups

Question 16

structural isomerism

Answer 16

molecules with the smae molecular formual but different structural formulae

Question 17

homolytic fission

Answer 17

breaking of a covalent bond where one elctron from the bondng pair goes to each atom to form 2 radicals

Question 18

heterolytic fission

Answer 18

breaking of a covalent bond where one bonding atom recieves both electrons from the bonding pair to form 2 ions with opposite charges

Question 19

addition reaction

Answer 19

two molecules react to make one product
onemolecule adds across the double bond of anunsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule

Question 20

substitution reaction

Answer 20

an atom/group is replaced by another atom/group

Question 21

elimination reaction

Answer 21

an atom/group is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule

Question 22

redox reaction

Answer 22

oxidation - oxygen is added and or hydrogen is removed from a molecule
reduction - oxygen is removed or hydrogen is added

Question 23

condensation reaction

Answer 23

H2O molecule is lost when two molecules join together