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Chemistry > Definitions/common equations > Flashcards

Definitions/common equations Flashcards

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1
Q

*Relative isotopic mass

A

The mass of an atom compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12

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2
Q

*relative atomic mass

A

The weighted mean mass compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12

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3
Q

how to calculate Mr

A

((isotope mass x percentage) + (isotope mass x percentage)) / 100

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4
Q

*Isotopes

A

Atoms of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

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5
Q

*Molar Mass

A

mass per mole, units g mol–1

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6
Q

*Mole

A

The unit of amount of substance, 1 mole is 6.02 x 1023 particles

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7
Q

*Acid

A

Releases H+ ion aqueous solution, proton donor

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8
Q

*Alkali

A

A soluble base that releases OH- ions in an aqueous solution.

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9
Q

*Strong acid

A

Fully dissociates in solution

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10
Q

*Weak acid

A

Partially dissociates in solution

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11
Q

Oxidation

A

increase in oxidation number due to the loss of electrons

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12
Q

Reduction

A

decrease in oxidation number due to the gaining of electrons

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13
Q

Salt

A

A compound produced when an H+ ion of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or an ammonium ion.

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14
Q

Base

A

accepts a proton (H+)

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15
Q

water of crystallization

A

is the water incorporated into the lattice of a crystal

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16
Q

Anhydrous

A

A salt without water of crystallization

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17
Q

hydrated

A

A salt with water of crystallisation

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18
Q

empirical formula

A

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

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19
Q

molecular formula

A

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule

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20
Q

atom economy

A

Mr desired products/Mr all products x100

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21
Q

How to calculate moles in a solid

A

Moles = mass /molar mass (for solids)

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22
Q

How to calculate moles in a solution

A

Moles = concentration x volume (for solutions)

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23
Q

How to calculate moles in a gas (at rtp)

A

Moles = volume / 24dm3 (for gas)

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24
Q

How to calculate moles from no. of particles

A

Moles = number of particles / Avogadro’s constant

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25
Q

How to calculate % error

A

% error = (uncertainty in equipment x no of uses / measured value) x 100

26
Q

How to calculate Mr

A

Mr = ( (relative mass of isotope A x % of isotope A) + (relative mass of isotope B x % of isotope B)) /100

27
Q

How to calculate % yield

A

% yield = (actual yield/ theoretical yield) x100

28
Q

How to calculate atom economy

A

Mr of desired products/Mr of all products (include molar ratio)

29
Q

what is the ideal gas equation

A

pV = nRT (p in Pascal’s, v in m3, T in Kelvin)

30
Q

nitrate ion

A

NO3 –

31
Q

Hydroxide ion

A

OH–

32
Q

Carbonate ion

A

CO3 2–

33
Q

Sulphate ion

A

SO4 2–

34
Q

Ammonium ion

A

NH 4+

35
Q

Zinc ion

A

Zn 2+

36
Q

Silver ion

A

Ag+

37
Q

Hyrdrochloric acid

A

HCl

38
Q

Sulphuric acid

A

H2SO4

39
Q

Nitric acid

A

HNO3

40
Q

Ethanoic acid

A

CH3COOH

41
Q

Sodium hydroxide

A

NaOH

42
Q

Potassium hydroxide

A

KOH

43
Q

Ammonia

A

NH3

44
Q

Acid + Metal

A

Acid + Metal –> Salt + Hydrogen

45
Q

Acid + Metal Oxide

A

Acid + Metal –> Salt + Water

46
Q

Acid + Metal Hydroxide

A

Acid + Metal –> Salt + Water

47
Q

Acid + Metal Carbonate

A

Acid + Metal –> Salt + Water + carbon dioxide

48
Q

order of assigning oxidization states

A 
1 (1+)
2 (2+)
3 (3+)
F (-1)
H (nearly always +1)
O (nearly always -2)
Cl (nearly always -1 expect when bonded to O)
49
Q

what are the 4 state symbols

A

(s) - solid
(l) - liquid
(g) - gas
(aq) - aqueous (solution in water)

50
Q

what is an ionic equation

A

an equation that doesn’t include spectator ions

51
Q

how to convert from m3 to dm3

A

x1000

52
Q

how to convert from dm3 to cm3

A

x1000

53
Q

how to convert from dm3 to m3

A

divide by 1000

54
Q

how to convert from cm3 to dm3

A

divide by 1000

55
Q

how to convert from celcius to kelvin

A

kelvin= celcius+273

56
Q

reasons for low yield

A
  • reaction at equilibrium
  • side reactions
  • left in apparatus
  • impure reactants
  • lost in separation and purification
57
Q

why is higher atom economy good

A
  • less waste so higher profit

- more sustainable as raw materials are in limited supply

58
Q

what do roman numerals stand for

A

charge of the positive ion

59
Q

what does the OS of ions equal

A

the charge of that ion

60
Q

what is the OS of elements and molecules

A

add to zero

Chemistry (12 decks)

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