Definitions and Articles Flashcards
What are the effects that Phineas Gage’s traumata had on his behaviour?
Phineas Gage lost his cognitive control to big parts . His left DLPFC was mostly missing and this is the reason why he was lacking in motivation , his social behaviour changed drastically , he wasn’t able to behave normally anymore. — read up again which symptoms exactly
Frontal cortex , limbic system ,
problems inhibiting impulses, emotional control …
Describe the Stroop task and its different types !
Stroop task is a task where people are supposed to tell the colour of a word. This word resembles a colour name and therefor induces an automatic bottom up response reaction that need to be overridden .
giving instructions beforehand DLPFC is active in the planning phase .
What role does the DLPFC play in the Stroop task ?
The DLPFC is responsible for cognitive control and overriding bottom up impulses. In this case the DLPFC is very active when facing incongruent stimuli because the automatic bottom up reaction needs to be overridden / inhibited .
What role does the ACC play in the Stroop task ?
The ACC is mainly responsible for monitoring . In this case especially for error monitoring . It gives the signal to the DLPFC when there is e.g. an incongruent stimulus that the DLPFC has to be aware of . ACC activity increases with incongruent stimuli.
How can Mindfulness effect the cognitive strength of patients and better the results of the Stroop task ?
Mindfulness may train the mental ability to focus and utilise the right prefrontal Cortex correctly .
Measurement in EAT ( Error awareness task ) and Stop Accuracy SA .
Meditation group is significantly better in SA and same better in EAT.
Meditation is also better in Affective Stroop task - snake! - nice !
What does the horrible figure from the first Article display about the DLPFC and the ACC ?
The figures of the first article are separated in the preparation time before the actual task, the task itself and the measurement of the ACC and the DLPFC.
The graphs display the brain activity measured in different scans when a participant is reading a single word . Further they separated the graphs itself into the exercise of reading a word that was congruent with the colour and a word that was not congruent with the colour its written in.
Results show, that the DLPFC is especially active while preparing for the task . Further the ACC is very active when facing an incongruent word because it’s main function is monitoring and this case especially error monitoring .
How is lateralisation shown in infants reacting to stimuli?
Infants of 10 months of age were sat in front of a televaion showing happy and sad faces - that the left side is associate with “ positive ( approach) emotions and the right side is associated wit withdrawal / Negative emotions. EEG Data displayed this , they only measured when the infant fixated on the monitor .
How is Aggression displayed in the brain and how can it be supported through right side movement ?
experiment with essay writing, squeezing the ball and negative evaluation of the essay , aggressive behaviour measured in how much white noise they give.
Explain the right sided bias , how it originated and what does it mean?
mouse cheese story , bisection of the line - right sided bias. Seperating in high and low time pressure . Right side - time pressure . Goal keeper .
What areas in the brain are responsible for social decision making?
Anterior Insula, OFC , Caudate Nucleus, DLPFC , hormone Oxytocin , the ventral Striatum
In a Study they inhibited/ disrupted the left and right DLPFC , what did they find ?
disruption of the right DLPFC - caused more selfish behaviour because the DLPFC was not able to override this impulse. In this case this means - that they accepted it more often .
fairness motives : inequety aversion, reciprocity
What is strategic fairness and which brain area is associated the most with it ?
Strategic fairness refers to the fairness that is shown in order to avoid punishment or a certain loss. Strategic fairness is especially associated with the activation of the DLPFC ( left or right ?) . The DLPFC shows more activation when it comes to strategic fairness , than towards selfishness . — nachschauen im Artikel !!!
How does TMS work ?
A typical TMS coil consist of two currents that run in opposite directions . Those two currents create a magnetic field which is perpendicular to the two currents and expands in the direction of the brain. While expanding it searches for another medium that is possible of conduction . The first medium that is able to transfer the electricity is a Synapse that conducts the signal to a Neuron .
How can TMS be applied in clinical psychology ?
Application in clinical psychology :
- it may be applied in Depression , post Stroke treatment, tested to be able to be treated in Schizophrenia .
What can be concluded out of the Star D trial ? What does it say about Depression in general ?
- the Star D trial gives an insight on the severity and hopelessness of depression .
This trial aimed to show how depression may be treated. The researchers wanted to point out what medication was the most effective , but they found that there was no significant difference in the different treatment methods … the importance was how early the treatment was applied in the illness stage of the patient . The later , the more therapies a patient has to go through the less likely he or she is to remit . And the higher is a chance for a relapse.
