Definitions Flashcards
Illusion
Misinterpretation of signals
Hallucination
Perception without an object
Over-valued idea
Solitary, abnormal belief that is neither delusional or obsessional but preoccupying to the extent of dominating the sufferer’s life
Delusion
False, unshakeable belief that is out of keeping with the patients social and cultural background
Delusional perception
A true perception that is attributed the wrong meaning
Thought alienation
Thoughts in someway no longer within their control including thought insertion, thought withdrawal and thought broadcast
Thought insertion
Experiencing one’s own thoughts as someone elses
Thought withdrawal
Delusion that occurs when a person believes that a person/entity has removed thoughts from their mind
Thought broadcast
An experience in which an individual believes that their thoughts are audible
Thought echo
Hallucination where they hear their thoughts out loud a short time after thinking them
Thought block
Stops speaking suddenly and without explanation in the middle of a sentence
Concrete thinking
Take things that you say literally
Loosening association
Discourse consisting of a sequence of unrelated or only remotely related ideas
Circumstantiality
Non-direct thinking or speech digressing from the main point of conversation
Perseveration
Repeating/prolonging and action/thought/utterance after the stimulus that prompted it has ceased
Confabulation
Made-up stories filling in any gaps in memory
Somatic passivity
Passive recipient of a bodily sensation imposed from outside sources
Delirium
Acute disturbance of mental abilities
Catatonia/stupor
State of excited/inhibited motor activity in the absence of a mood disorder/neurological disease
Psychomotor retardation
Slowed speech, decreased movement, and impaired cognitive function
Flight of ideas
Thoughts move faster than you can say them
Thought disorder
Disorganised way of thinking leading to abnormal ways of expressing language when speaking and writing
Poverty of speech
Minimal speech requiring a lot of prompting
Poverty of thought
Reduced spontaneity and productivity of thought as evidenced by speech that is vague, or full of simple and meaningless repetitions/stereotyped phrases
Poverty of content
Extensive verbal feedback containing little useful information
Pressure of speech
Extreme need to share thoughts/ideas/comments, rapid speech not stopping at appropriate intervals
Anhedonia
Inability to experience pleasure from activity usually found enjoyable
Flattening of affect
Lack of showing emotion characterised by apathetic and unchanging facial expression and little/no change in strength/tone/pitch of voice
Incongruity of affect
Thoughts and actions not consistent with mood
Blunting of affect
Struggle to express their emotions, diminished facial expression, expressive gestures and vocal expressions
Belle indifference
Lack of concern and/or feeling of indifference about disability/symptom, linking to conversion
Depersonalisation
Feeling of some change in self, associated with some sense of detachment from ones own body
Derealisation
Sense of ones surroundings lacking reality
Conversion/dissociation
Unconscious mechanism of symptoms formation, operating in conversion hysteria, transportation of a psychological conflict into somatic symptoms which can be motor or sensory in nature
Stereotypies
Repetitive movements/sounds carried out by individuals with cognitive dysfunction or severely impaired sensory function
Mannerism
Normal actions carried out in a peculiar fashion
Obsession
Unbidden, intrusive thought, image, or urge intruding into consciousness attempts to dispel it are difficult and typically lead to anxiety
Compulsion
Repetitive behaviours or mental acts a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, typically prevent/reduce person’s distress related to obsession
What are the 5Ps of case formulation?
Presenting problem Predisposing factors Precipitating factors Perpetuating factors Protective factors
What is the biological section of the biopsychosocial model?
Recognising the role of physical illness in sympomatology
Mental health problems commonly being associated with physical health conditions
Medication
What is the psychological section of the biopsychosocial model?
Psychological therapies used
Psychological mechanisms impacting on how individuals relate to each other
Concept and types of psychodynamic defence mechanisms
Building rapport and adapting communication styles
Coping strategies - benefits and risks
Developing communication skills - empathetic and compassionate
What psychological therapies are on offer?
Counselling Psychoeducation CBT DBT Psychoanalytic psychotherapy Group therapy Family therapy
What is the social section of the biopsychosocial model?
Social determinants of health and impact on mental health
Importance of choice of language
Differential impact of legislation on minorities
Understanding ethical challenges faced in psychiatry and common dilemmas
Public health value of building social capital
Value of prosocial behaviour, social integration, healthy relationships
Importance of participation in decision making and self-determination
What social determinants can impact mental health? Give 5 examples
Material and relative poverty and deprivation Social isolation Migration Unemployment Socioeconomic status Housing/homelessness Institutional care Racism and discrimination Criminal justice system Education Trauma and abuse Social capital Inequality Minority groups
What is the ICD-10?
10th revision of the international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems
Detailed classification of over 300 mental and behavioural disorders
Written by the WHO
What is the DSM?
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
Handbook for a guide to mental disorders
