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Psychiatry > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Illusion

A

Misinterpretation of signals

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2
Q

Hallucination

A

Perception without an object

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3
Q

Over-valued idea

A

Solitary, abnormal belief that is neither delusional or obsessional but preoccupying to the extent of dominating the sufferer’s life

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4
Q

Delusion

A

False, unshakeable belief that is out of keeping with the patients social and cultural background

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5
Q

Delusional perception

A

A true perception that is attributed the wrong meaning

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6
Q

Thought alienation

A

Thoughts in someway no longer within their control including thought insertion, thought withdrawal and thought broadcast

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7
Q

Thought insertion

A

Experiencing one’s own thoughts as someone elses

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8
Q

Thought withdrawal

A

Delusion that occurs when a person believes that a person/entity has removed thoughts from their mind

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9
Q

Thought broadcast

A

An experience in which an individual believes that their thoughts are audible

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10
Q

Thought echo

A

Hallucination where they hear their thoughts out loud a short time after thinking them

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11
Q

Thought block

A

Stops speaking suddenly and without explanation in the middle of a sentence

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12
Q

Concrete thinking

A

Take things that you say literally

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13
Q

Loosening association

A

Discourse consisting of a sequence of unrelated or only remotely related ideas

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14
Q

Circumstantiality

A

Non-direct thinking or speech digressing from the main point of conversation

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15
Q

Perseveration

A

Repeating/prolonging and action/thought/utterance after the stimulus that prompted it has ceased

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16
Q

Confabulation

A

Made-up stories filling in any gaps in memory

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17
Q

Somatic passivity

A

Passive recipient of a bodily sensation imposed from outside sources

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18
Q

Delirium

A

Acute disturbance of mental abilities

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19
Q

Catatonia/stupor

A

State of excited/inhibited motor activity in the absence of a mood disorder/neurological disease

20
Q

Psychomotor retardation

A

Slowed speech, decreased movement, and impaired cognitive function

21
Q

Flight of ideas

A

Thoughts move faster than you can say them

22
Q

Thought disorder

A

Disorganised way of thinking leading to abnormal ways of expressing language when speaking and writing

23
Q

Poverty of speech

A

Minimal speech requiring a lot of prompting

24
Q

Poverty of thought

A

Reduced spontaneity and productivity of thought as evidenced by speech that is vague, or full of simple and meaningless repetitions/stereotyped phrases

25
Q

Poverty of content

A

Extensive verbal feedback containing little useful information

26
Q

Pressure of speech

A

Extreme need to share thoughts/ideas/comments, rapid speech not stopping at appropriate intervals

27
Q

Anhedonia

A

Inability to experience pleasure from activity usually found enjoyable

28
Q

Flattening of affect

A

Lack of showing emotion characterised by apathetic and unchanging facial expression and little/no change in strength/tone/pitch of voice

29
Q

Incongruity of affect

A

Thoughts and actions not consistent with mood

30
Q

Blunting of affect

A

Struggle to express their emotions, diminished facial expression, expressive gestures and vocal expressions

31
Q

Belle indifference

A

Lack of concern and/or feeling of indifference about disability/symptom, linking to conversion

32
Q

Depersonalisation

A

Feeling of some change in self, associated with some sense of detachment from ones own body

33
Q

Derealisation

A

Sense of ones surroundings lacking reality

34
Q

Conversion/dissociation

A

Unconscious mechanism of symptoms formation, operating in conversion hysteria, transportation of a psychological conflict into somatic symptoms which can be motor or sensory in nature

35
Q

Stereotypies

A

Repetitive movements/sounds carried out by individuals with cognitive dysfunction or severely impaired sensory function

36
Q

Mannerism

A

Normal actions carried out in a peculiar fashion

37
Q

Obsession

A

Unbidden, intrusive thought, image, or urge intruding into consciousness attempts to dispel it are difficult and typically lead to anxiety

38
Q

Compulsion

A

Repetitive behaviours or mental acts a person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, typically prevent/reduce person’s distress related to obsession

39
Q

What are the 5Ps of case formulation?

A 
Presenting problem
Predisposing factors
Precipitating factors
Perpetuating factors
Protective factors
40
Q

What is the biological section of the biopsychosocial model?

A

Recognising the role of physical illness in sympomatology
Mental health problems commonly being associated with physical health conditions
Medication

41
Q

What is the psychological section of the biopsychosocial model?

A

Psychological therapies used
Psychological mechanisms impacting on how individuals relate to each other
Concept and types of psychodynamic defence mechanisms
Building rapport and adapting communication styles
Coping strategies - benefits and risks
Developing communication skills - empathetic and compassionate

42
Q

What psychological therapies are on offer?

A 
Counselling
Psychoeducation
CBT
DBT
Psychoanalytic psychotherapy
Group therapy
Family therapy
43
Q

What is the social section of the biopsychosocial model?

A

Social determinants of health and impact on mental health
Importance of choice of language
Differential impact of legislation on minorities
Understanding ethical challenges faced in psychiatry and common dilemmas
Public health value of building social capital
Value of prosocial behaviour, social integration, healthy relationships
Importance of participation in decision making and self-determination

44
Q

What social determinants can impact mental health? Give 5 examples

A 
Material and relative poverty and deprivation
Social isolation
Migration
Unemployment
Socioeconomic status
Housing/homelessness
Institutional care
Racism and discrimination
Criminal justice system
Education
Trauma and abuse
Social capital
Inequality
Minority groups
45
Q

What is the ICD-10?

A

10th revision of the international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems
Detailed classification of over 300 mental and behavioural disorders
Written by the WHO

46
Q

What is the DSM?

A

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Handbook for a guide to mental disorders

Psychiatry (15 decks)

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