Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Genome

A

All the genetic material in a single cell from an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Human genome project

A

A project undertaken to decipher the sequence if bases in the human genome in order to gain a better understanding of the way genes control our genotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genotype

A

Genetic make up of an organism- describes the organism in terms of the alleles it contains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dystrophin

A

Largest human gene- 2.4million bases long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Glial cell

A

Cell found only in the nervous system, which do not conduct action potentials. Provide nutrients and insulation, & aid repair of neurones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Threshold potential

A

A specific membrane potential which opens voltage-gated channels. -50mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Mono amine oxidase

A

An enzyme which catalyses the break down of a neurotransmitter in the brain involve in the regulation of behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cambium

A

Meristem found between the xylem and phloem of vascular bundles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Rods

A

Light sensitive cells in the retina, responsible for black and white vision. They work better in dim light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cones

A

Found in the vertebrate retina- responsible for colour vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Brain stem

A

The portion of the vertebrate brain between the spinal cord and the forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Midbrain

A

Relays auditory informations to the temporal lobe and visual info to the occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Selegiline

A

A drug which inhibits mono amine oxidase and thus the break down of dopamine does not occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dopamine agonist

A

A drug which mimics dopamine and binds to the dopamine receptors- thus triggering an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5-HTT gene

A

Gene that codes for transporter protein that controls the reputable of serotonin into presynaptic neurones. Ppl with a short version are more likely to develop depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pharmacogenomics

A

The study of why some drugs have different effects on ppl- suspected to be due to different SNP’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Single nucleotide polymorphisms

A

DNA sequence variation involving 1bp mutations locations may reveal causes of some inherited diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transgenic

A

An organism which has been genetically modified to contain a desired gene.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Candidate gene

A

A gene that may cause a particular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Average human gene contains how many bases?

A

3000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Human genome contains how many bases? How many genes?

A

3,200,000,000 bases and 20,000-25,000 genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Function of ApoE gene

A

Controls production of a lipoprotein used in the repair of cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Drug target

A

Specific molecule that a drug interacts with to bring about its effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Proteomics

A

Study of structure and fiction of proteins in an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Muscle fibre

A

A single muscle cell surrounded by a cell surface membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Striated muscle

A

Muscle that usually consists of sheets of mononuleated cells connected to the autonomic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Miyofibrils

A

Specialised muscle found in the heart; striped and interconnected. Does not fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Total daily expenditure

A

Amount of energy needed for an active body, most of which is used in muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Substrate level phosphorylation

A

The transfer of phosphates to ADP in the reactions of glycolysis

29
Q

Fatty acid oxidation

A

Release of energy from fat. Fats are first broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. Fatty acids are then broken down in a series of reactions used to make a 3 carbon compound that can be fed into the krebs cycle

30
Q

End point inhibition

A

The process where the end product of a reaction inhibits earlier steps in the metabolic pathway.

31
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Neurones that transmit information to and from the CNS, and whose cell bodies are outside the brain and spinal cord

32
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

The system that controls voluntary functions- eg the skeletal system

33
Q

Glial cell

A

Only cells found in the nervous system which do not conduct action potentials. Provide insulation, nutrients and support as well as aiding the repair of neurones

34
Q

Action potential

A

Large brief reversal in polarity of an axon

35
Q

Potential difference

A

The difference in charge across a membrane

36
Q

Refractory periods

A

The time interval of a neurone after an action potential during which another action potential cannot be elicited

37
Q

Synaptic vesicles

A

A membrane bound vesicle containing neurotransmitter which is released by the presynaptic neurone

38
Q

Summation

A

The ability of a neurone to fire action potentials in response to numerous threshold post synaptic potentials arriving simultaneously at different places on the cell/ at the same site in rapid succession

39
Q

Coleoptile

A

Used to describe the first lead of grasses

40
Q

Sense organs

A

Types of receptor cells grouped together with other specialised cells and tissues

41
Q

Ciliary muscles

A

Muscle which alters the thickness of the lens for focusing

42
Q

Functionally inside out

A

How ppl describe the structural organisation of the retina

43
Q

Ops in

A

The protein portion of the visual pigment rhodopsin

44
Q

Retinal

A

The light absorbing portion of visual pigment molecules. Derived from b carotene

45
Q

Thalamus

A

Relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex along axons

46
Q

Cortex

A

The outer tissue of certain organs such as the cerebral cortex

47
Q

Brain stem

A

The portion of the vertebrates brain between the spinal cord and the fore brain

48
Q

Depth perception

A

As images in the retina of objects become further than 30meters away visual clues and experiences are required to interpret the image

49
Q

Insightful learning

A

Learning by reasoning

50
Q

Sensory memory

A

Messages received from sensory input which last in the memory for only a few milliseconds

51
Q

Slegiline

A

Drug which inhibits mono amine oxidase

52
Q

Working memory

A

Coordination of sensory memory with info from long term memory

53
Q

Prozac

A

Drug which blocks the uptake of serotonin!

54
Q

Introns

A

Non coding DNA sequence that lies within non coding sequence

55
Q

Protoplasts

A

A plant cell in which the cell wall has been removed by enzymes

56
Q

A process where plants or animals are genetically modified to produce substances we require (often drugs)

A

Pharming

57
Q

Protein filaments

A

Contractile tissue characterised by multinucleate Cells containing highly ordered arrangements of actin and myosin

58
Q

Myofibrila

A

Ordered assemblages of thin actin and thick myosin in a muscle fibre

59
Q

Sarcollema

A

Cell membrane of a muscle fibre

60
Q

ATP/PC system

A

The immediate energy system that does not require oxygen

61
Q

Aerobic capacity

A

He max amount of oxygen the body can use during intense exercise

62
Q

The difference between the actual oxygen consumption and theoretical oxygen consumption had exercise been completed entirely aerobic ally

A

Oxygen deficit

63
Q

Receptors in the aorta an carotid arteries that send impulses to the cardiovascular control centre

A

Barorrceptors

64
Q

Artery in the side of the neck

A

Carotid artery

65
Q

Vital capacity

A

The max volume of air we inhale or exhale

66
Q

Immune suppression

A

The lowering of the effectiveness of the immune system

67
Q

Natural killer cells

A

A group of lymphocytes found in the blood and lymph which do not use specific antigen recognition

68
Q

Signal protein

A

A hormone/growth factor/ regulatory molecule which cause the conversion of an inactive to an active transcription factor

69
Q

Repressive molecule

A

Molecules which prevent transcription occurring in a variety of ways

70
Q

Peptide hormone used to stimulate the formation of new red blood cells.. Produced in the kidneys

A

Erythropoietin

Biology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions