Naked Mole Rat Definitions

Question 1

Eusocial Society

Answer 1

A social structure which is very similar to insects. Specific groups within the population have specific tasks eg the diggers/workers and the soldiers. There is one queen in the colony that mates with males of her choice to increase the population of the colony.

Question 2

Morphological

Answer 2

The structure and form of an organism

Question 3

Poikilothermic

Answer 3

The regulation of core body temperature is entirely dependent on the behaviour of the organism and the external environmental temperature.

Question 4

Dermis

Answer 4

A layer of tissue in the skin located bellow the epidermis

Question 5

Endodermis

Answer 5

A specialised tissue in the roots and stems of vascular plants- made of a layer of parenchyma

Question 6

Homeotherms

Answer 6

An organism whose body temperature is constant and is almost completely independent of its environmental temperatures.

Question 7

Methuselah

Answer 7

an extremely old person/ individual in a species

Question 8

Oxidative stress

Answer 8

The imbalance between free radicals (toxic and highly reactive compounds) and the antioxidants which combat and reduce the toxicity (by oxidising) these free radicals.

Question 9

Contact inhibition

Answer 9

The prevention of a cell division and motility in normal animal cells when it comes in close contact with one another.

Question 10

Extracellular signal molecules

Answer 10

A signal molecule (often hormones) received by adjacent cells when the signal molecule binds to the complementary receptors on the cell membranes.

Question 11

Hypoxia

Answer 11

Whole body deprived of oxygen

Question 12

Ischemia

Answer 12

a certain tissue is said to be this when it is deprived of oxygen

Question 13

Nucleus accumbens

Answer 13

The pleasure center in the brain

Question 14

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 14

A daily rhythmic activity cycle based on 24hour intervals.

Question 15

Coefficients of Band sharing

Answer 15

The proportion of shared DNA fragments in 2 organisms of the same species.The closer the bands the more closely related the organisms are.

Question 16

Menopause

Answer 16

The time period which a women no longer has her period. This is usually between the ages of 45-55

Question 17

Osteoporosis

Answer 17

A disorder in which the individuals bones become brittle and soft- owing a loss of calcium.

Question 18

Oncogenes

Answer 18

Promote cell proliferation and stop cell death and cancer- an Oncologyst is a Dr who treats cancer.

Question 19

Gonadotrophin

Answer 19

Several hormones occurring in vertebrates that act on the gonads-testis and ovaries.Produced in the pituitary gland, the development of these are stimulated by the hypothalamus

Question 20

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Answer 20

Stimulates the development of cells in the testis which secrete testosterone and stimulates the development of sperm cells

Question 21

Lutenizing Hormone

Answer 21

Triggers ovulation in females

Question 22

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone

Answer 22

Stimulates the synthesis and secretion of 2 gonadotrophins- Lutenizing hormone and Follicle stimulating hormone.

Question 23

Monomorphic

Answer 23

All of the species have almost identical genotypes and have showed little or know change in structure and shape during their evolution

Question 24

Dispersive Morph

Answer 24

A rare form of NMR which has a distinct genetic differences (physiologically and behaviourally) to normal NMR’s. It is used to increase the diversity of the species and enables the scattering of the species across an environment. Often male

Question 25

Utilitarianism

Answer 25

An ethical framework in which aims to give the greatest happiness to the greatest number.

Question 26

Teleomerase

Answer 26

An enzyme that elongates chromosomes by adding a sequence of bases onto the end of the existing chromosome.

Question 27

Teleomere

Answer 27

A repeating DNA sequence at the end of the body’s chromosomes.- Prevents chromosomes from losing their base pair sequences at their ends and prevents chromosomes from fusing with one another.

Question 28

oxytocin

Answer 28

A hormone relaeased by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Causes the contraction of involuntary wall of uterus during birth, and release of milk from mammary glands.