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Chemistry AS - Module 1 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Molecular ion

A

Two or more atoms covalently bonded with an overall charge

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2
Q

Avogadro’s constant

A

Number of atoms in 12.000g of carbon-12

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3
Q

Mole

A

The amount of substance which contains the Avogadro constant of atoms, molecules or groups of ions

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4
Q

Molar mass

A

The mass of one mole of a substance

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5
Q

Anhydrous

A

A salt which contains no water of crytallisation

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6
Q

Hydrated

A

A salt which contains water of crystallisation

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7
Q

Water of crystallisation

A

Water chemically bonded within a crystal structure

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8
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in an atom

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9
Q

Mass number

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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10
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

The average mass of an atom of an element relative to one-twelfth the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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11
Q

Relative isotopic mass

A

The mass of an atom of an isotope of an element relative to one-twelfth the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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12
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms that have the same atomic number but a different mass number

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13
Q

Relative Formula Mass

A

The average mass of a formula unit relative to one-twelfth the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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14
Q

Relative molecular mass

A

The average mass of a molecule relative to one-twelfth the mass of an atom of carbon-12

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15
Q

First ionisation energy

A

The energy required to convert one mole of gaseous atoms into gaseous ions with a single positive charge

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16
Q

Second ionisation energy

A

The energy required to convert one mole of gaseous ions with a single positive charge into gaseous ions with a double positive charge

17
Q

Third ionisation energy

A

The energy required to convert one mole of gaseous ions with a double positive charge into one mole of gaseous ions with a triple positive charge

18
Q

Covalent bond

A

The electrostatic attraction between a shared pair electrons and the nuclei of bonded atoms

19
Q

Co-ordinate bond

A

A shared pair of electrons between two atoms. One atom provides both electrons

20
Q

Octet rule

A

When reacting, an atom tends to gain, lose or share electrons to achieve eight in its outer shell

21
Q

Electronegativity

A

The extent to which an atom attracts the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

22
Q

Polar bond

A

A covalent bond in which there is unequal sharing of the bonding electrons

23
Q

Delocalised electrons

A

Outer electrons do not have fixed positions but move freely

24
Q

Intermolecular

A

Between neighbouring molecules

25
Q

Van der Waals forces

A

The attraction between instantaneous and induced dipoles on neighbouring molecules

26
Q

Permanent dipole-dipole attraction

A

The attraction between the positive end, 𝞭+, of the permanent dipole on a molecule and the negative end, 𝞭-, of the permanent dipole on a neighbouring molecule.

27
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

The attraction between a lone pair of electrons on a very electronegative atom (N, O or F) in one molecule and a hydrogen atom of a neighbouring molecule, in which the hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom (N,O or F)

28
Q

Redox

A

Oxidation and reduction occur in the same reaction

29
Q

Oxidation

A

Loss of electrons / Increase in oxidation state

30
Q

Reduction

A

Gain of electrons / Decrease in oxidation state

31
Q

Oxidising agent

A

Electron acceptor

32
Q

Reducing agent

A

Electron donor

33
Q

Disproportionation

A

Oxidation and reduction of the same element in the same reaction

34
Q

Strong acid/base

A

Fully dissociates in solution

35
Q

Weak acid/base

A

Partially dissociates in solution

36
Q

Molarity

A

Concentration in moldm-3, expressed as M

37
Q

Standard solution

A

A solution of known concentration

Chemistry AS - Module 1 (10 decks)

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