Atomic structure Flashcards
State the relative charge and mass and location of an electron, proton and a neutron
In book
Define isotope
Atoms that have the same atomic number but a different mass number.
What is mass spectrometry used for?
Its an analytical instrument used to determine the mass of atoms and molecules.
How does it work?
Atomises and ionises a sample, producing ions while a single positive charge.
What are the labels for the x and y axis
X - m/z
Y - Relative abundance
What is an orbital?
A region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons that spin in opposite directions.
What is the shape of an s orbital?
Sphere O
What is the shape of a p orbital?
Dumbbell
What is the order that they fill and whats special about the 4s
1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p6
4s2 fills and empties before 3d10
What is special about chromium and copper
They have half filled subshells
Why is magnesium as being describes as an S block element?
Outer shell electrons are in the s subshell
What is the trend in ionisation energies across a period
Bottom, Up, Down, Up, Up, Down, Up, Up
What are the four factors that influence trends in ionisation energy?
1) Nuclear charge
2) Atomic radius
3) Shielding from inner electrons
4) Stability of filled and half-filled subshells
Whats the general trend across a period and down a group?
Across - Generally increases
Down - Decreases
What are reasons for the increase across a period?
1) Increase in nuclear charge
2) Decrease in atomic radius
