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GEO 2010 - Exam 1 > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Regionalism

A

Division of a large area into different parts, Canada is prone to regionalism

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2
Q

Region

A

A distinctive area of Earth’s surface. It has distinguishing human or natural characteristics that set it apart from other areas. Boundaries are related to faultlines

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3
Q

Uniformed Regions

A

Named after a characteristic where all locations in the region have similarities in that particular characteristic

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4
Q

Functional Regions

A

There are interactions among different areas within the region

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5
Q

Cultural Regions

A

These areas are based on a sense of belonging

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6
Q

Regional Exploitation Theory

A

Wealthy core exploits the natural wealth of the periphery leaving it impoverished (doesn’t work well for Canada)

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7
Q

Modernization Theory

A

Core invests in the periphery and helps it to develop (better for Canada)

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8
Q

Staple product

A

Natural resource that can be exploited relatively quickly and cheaply for profit

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9
Q

Backward Linkage

A

Supplies for the staple industry

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10
Q

Forward Linkage

A

Local processing before export

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11
Q

Final Demand Linkage

A

Service the needs of workers and families

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12
Q

Semi-Periphery

A

A third area evident in Asia where there is a strong economic growth

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13
Q

Physical Geography

A

The study of Earth’s natural features

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14
Q

Igneous Rock

A

Molten rock the emerged onto Earth’s surface and cooled. Hard, resists erosion, and often contains minerals

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15
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

Layered rock composed of materials that have been affected by wind and weathering

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16
Q

Metamorphic Rock

A

Pre-existing rocks that change form by the process of extreme heat and pressure. They sometimes contain minerals.

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17
Q

Arete

A

Spine along the side of the mountain

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18
Q

Cirque

A

Alpine glaciers

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19
Q

Latitude

A

At lower latitudes, more solar radiation impacts the surface

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20
Q

Altitude

A

Higher elevations experience cooler temper

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21
Q

Proximity of Bodies of Water

A

Water keeps nearby land areas warmer in Autumn and cooler in Spring

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22
Q

Ocean Currents

A

Currents transport warm or cold water depending on the source of the current

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23
Q

Variation in Topography

A

Cold air is dense and tends to sink into valleys

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24
Q

Prevailing Wind

A

Some wind systems cause rapid temperature changes

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25
Q

Locations of Pressure Systems

A

Relates to the position of warm and cold fronts

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26
Q

Deciduous

A

Trees that loose their leaves

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27
Q

Xerophyte

A

A plant that has adapted to low amounts of water

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28
Q

Krumholz

A

a plant that grows in a sideways formation because harsh dry winds desiccate the upper part of the plant

29
Q

Talik

A

An area under a lake that is free of permafrost

30
Q

Cryo

A

Frozen

31
Q

Fiscal Capacity

A

Ability of a province to raise its own revenue

32
Q

Nation

A

A distinct cultural group

33
Q

Population Density

A

The number of people divided by the land area

34
Q

Population Distribution

A

The dispersal of people within geographic area

35
Q

Urban Areas

A

An area with a population of at least 1000 people AND at least 400 people per km

36
Q

Census Metropolitan Area

A

An urban core combined together with adjacent suburban areas that have a high degree of social or economic integration with the urban core of the area, MUST contain at least 100,000 people

37
Q

Crude Birth Rate

A

The number of births per 1000 people in a given year

38
Q

Crude Death Rate

A

The number of deaths per 1000 people in a given year

39
Q

Rate of Natural Increase

A

The difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate

40
Q

Net Migration

A

The difference between in- and out- migration

41
Q

Replacement Fertility

A

The level of fertility at which women have enough daughters to replace themselves

42
Q

Demographic Transition Theory

A

The shift of birth rates and death rates from high - low levels

43
Q

Allophone

A

A person whose mother tongue is neither english, french or one of the indigenous languages

44
Q

Ethnic Group

A

Members of a population who share a culture that is distinct from other groups

45
Q

Culture

A

The learned collective behaviour of a group of people

46
Q

Pacifism

A

Strong opposition to all violence

47
Q

Cultural Mosaic

A

A mix of ethnic groups that co-exist but remain distinct

48
Q

Melting Pot

A

A heterogeneous culture that becomes more homogenous overtime

49
Q

Ethnocentricity

A

Belief that one ethnic group is superior to another

50
Q

Primary

A

activities involving the extraction of natural resources

51
Q

Secondary

A

Activities that process or assemble raw mat

52
Q

Tertiary

A

Activities involving the sale or exchange of goods or service

53
Q

Quaternary

A

Activities involving the processing of knowledge that lead to decision making by companies and governments

54
Q

Metis People

A

A mix of indigenous and european descent

55
Q

Faultlines

A

Economic, social, and political cracks that divide regions

56
Q

Centralist/Decentralist fault line

A

Favours Ontario and Quebec because most people live here.

57
Q

English/French faultline

A

Quebec struggles to maintain speaking french.

58
Q

Indigenous/Non-Indigenous

A

indigenous communities depend on the federal government, Nunavut was created and is 80% populated with Inuit people

59
Q

Newcomers/Old Timers

A

Immigrants are new comers and their children are old timers, they usually go to major big cities

60
Q

tundra

A

Tiny plants, small because underneath is permafrost. they survive harsh climates. Reproduce by runners

61
Q

desert

A

an area that receives less than 250mm of precipitation yearly

62
Q

palliser’s triangle

A

name by john palliser, an area unsuitable for agriculture

63
Q

drainage basin

A

the area of surrounding land that is drainage by that river

64
Q

terra nullis

A

means empty lands

65
Q

national energy program (objectives)

A
  1. ensure low cost of oil for ontario and quebec 2. increase federal share of revenue from the oil industry through taxes
66
Q

Inuit people

A

Descendants of the Thule people

67
Q

doukhobors

A

they were communalists who wanted little to do with the government. refused to serve in the russian army and swear an oath of allegiance to england.

68
Q

ecumene

A

the inhabited parts of an area

GEO 2010 - Exam 1 (2 decks)

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