Definitions Flashcards
Regionalism
Division of a large area into different parts, Canada is prone to regionalism
Region
A distinctive area of Earth’s surface. It has distinguishing human or natural characteristics that set it apart from other areas. Boundaries are related to faultlines
Uniformed Regions
Named after a characteristic where all locations in the region have similarities in that particular characteristic
Functional Regions
There are interactions among different areas within the region
Cultural Regions
These areas are based on a sense of belonging
Regional Exploitation Theory
Wealthy core exploits the natural wealth of the periphery leaving it impoverished (doesn’t work well for Canada)
Modernization Theory
Core invests in the periphery and helps it to develop (better for Canada)
Staple product
Natural resource that can be exploited relatively quickly and cheaply for profit
Backward Linkage
Supplies for the staple industry
Forward Linkage
Local processing before export
Final Demand Linkage
Service the needs of workers and families
Semi-Periphery
A third area evident in Asia where there is a strong economic growth
Physical Geography
The study of Earth’s natural features
Igneous Rock
Molten rock the emerged onto Earth’s surface and cooled. Hard, resists erosion, and often contains minerals
Sedimentary Rock
Layered rock composed of materials that have been affected by wind and weathering
Metamorphic Rock
Pre-existing rocks that change form by the process of extreme heat and pressure. They sometimes contain minerals.
Arete
Spine along the side of the mountain
Cirque
Alpine glaciers
Latitude
At lower latitudes, more solar radiation impacts the surface
Altitude
Higher elevations experience cooler temper
Proximity of Bodies of Water
Water keeps nearby land areas warmer in Autumn and cooler in Spring
Ocean Currents
Currents transport warm or cold water depending on the source of the current
Variation in Topography
Cold air is dense and tends to sink into valleys
Prevailing Wind
Some wind systems cause rapid temperature changes
Locations of Pressure Systems
Relates to the position of warm and cold fronts
Deciduous
Trees that loose their leaves
Xerophyte
A plant that has adapted to low amounts of water
Krumholz
a plant that grows in a sideways formation because harsh dry winds desiccate the upper part of the plant
Talik
An area under a lake that is free of permafrost
Cryo
Frozen
Fiscal Capacity
Ability of a province to raise its own revenue
Nation
A distinct cultural group
Population Density
The number of people divided by the land area
Population Distribution
The dispersal of people within geographic area
Urban Areas
An area with a population of at least 1000 people AND at least 400 people per km
Census Metropolitan Area
An urban core combined together with adjacent suburban areas that have a high degree of social or economic integration with the urban core of the area, MUST contain at least 100,000 people
Crude Birth Rate
The number of births per 1000 people in a given year
Crude Death Rate
The number of deaths per 1000 people in a given year
Rate of Natural Increase
The difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate
Net Migration
The difference between in- and out- migration
Replacement Fertility
The level of fertility at which women have enough daughters to replace themselves
Demographic Transition Theory
The shift of birth rates and death rates from high - low levels
Allophone
A person whose mother tongue is neither english, french or one of the indigenous languages
Ethnic Group
Members of a population who share a culture that is distinct from other groups
Culture
The learned collective behaviour of a group of people
Pacifism
Strong opposition to all violence
Cultural Mosaic
A mix of ethnic groups that co-exist but remain distinct
Melting Pot
A heterogeneous culture that becomes more homogenous overtime
Ethnocentricity
Belief that one ethnic group is superior to another
Primary
activities involving the extraction of natural resources
Secondary
Activities that process or assemble raw mat
Tertiary
Activities involving the sale or exchange of goods or service
Quaternary
Activities involving the processing of knowledge that lead to decision making by companies and governments
Metis People
A mix of indigenous and european descent
Faultlines
Economic, social, and political cracks that divide regions
Centralist/Decentralist fault line
Favours Ontario and Quebec because most people live here.
English/French faultline
Quebec struggles to maintain speaking french.
Indigenous/Non-Indigenous
indigenous communities depend on the federal government, Nunavut was created and is 80% populated with Inuit people
Newcomers/Old Timers
Immigrants are new comers and their children are old timers, they usually go to major big cities
tundra
Tiny plants, small because underneath is permafrost. they survive harsh climates. Reproduce by runners
desert
an area that receives less than 250mm of precipitation yearly
palliser’s triangle
name by john palliser, an area unsuitable for agriculture
drainage basin
the area of surrounding land that is drainage by that river
terra nullis
means empty lands
national energy program (objectives)
- ensure low cost of oil for ontario and quebec 2. increase federal share of revenue from the oil industry through taxes
Inuit people
Descendants of the Thule people
doukhobors
they were communalists who wanted little to do with the government. refused to serve in the russian army and swear an oath of allegiance to england.
ecumene
the inhabited parts of an area
