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PE-Exercise Physiology > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Fixator

A

One muscle that stabilises one part of a body while another part moves

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2
Q

Concentric

A

Muscle shortens to produce tension

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3
Q

Eccentric

A

Muscle lengthens to produce tension

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4
Q

Isometric

A

Muscle contacts but does not change length

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5
Q

DOMS (delayed onset of muscle soreness)

A

Pain and stiffness in muscles, which peaks 24-72 hours after exercise

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6
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Circulation of blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs and pulmonary veins back to the heart

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7
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Circulation of blood through the aorta to the body and vena cava back to the heart

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8
Q

Ligament

A

Connects one to bone

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9
Q

Joint

A

An area of the body where two or more bones articulate to create movement

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10
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Reduces friction

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11
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Absorbs shock

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12
Q

Joint capsule

A

Strengthens joint secreting synovial Fluid

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13
Q

Bursa

A

Reduces friction between tendons and bones

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14
Q

Myogenic

A

The capacity of the heart to generate its own electrical impulse, which causes the cardiac muscles to contract

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15
Q

Bradycardia

A

A resting heart rate below 60bpm

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16
Q

Sub maximal

A

Low to moderate intensity exercise within a performers aerobic capacity

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17
Q

Venous return

A

Return of the blood to the right atria through the veins

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18
Q

Frank starling mechanism

A

Increased venous return leads to increased SV, due to an increased stretch of the ventricular walls and therefore force of contraction

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19
Q

Maximal

A

A high intensity of exercise above a performers aerobic capacity that will induce fatigue

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20
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for increasing HR

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21
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for decreasing HR

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22
Q

Vascular shunt mechanism

A

The redistribution Of cardiac output around the body from rest to exercise which increases the percentage of blood flow to the skeletal muscles

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23
Q

Breathing rate

A

No. Of inspirations and expiration’s per minute

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24
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume of air inspired and expired per breath

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25
Q

Minute ventilation

A

Volume of air inspired and expired per minute

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26
Q

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

A

Graph showing relationship between partial pressure of oxygen and percentage saturation of haemoglobin

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27
Q

Bohr shift

A

A move in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the right caused by increased acidity in the blood stream

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28
Q

Intermittent exercise

A

Activity where the intensity alternates

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29
Q

Myoglobin

A

A protein molecule that helps with the transport of oxygen

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30
Q

VO2 max

A

Maximum volume of oxygen inspired, transported and utilised per minute during exhaustive exercise

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31
Q

EPOC

A

The volume of oxygen consumed post exercise to return the body to pre exercise state

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32
Q

Altitude

A

The Height above sea level

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33
Q

Barometric pressure

A

Pressure exerted by the earths atmosphere at any given point

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34
Q

Acclimatisation

A

Process of gradual adaptation to a change in environment

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35
Q

Cardiovascular drift

A

During prolonged exercise in the heat a rise in core body temp can cause cardiovascular drift: an upward drift in heart rate associated with a rise in body temp

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36
Q

Energy expenditure

A

The sum of basal metabolic rate and Thermic effect of food and the energy expended through physical activity

37
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

Minimum amount of energy required to sustain essential physiological function at rest

38
Q

Thermic effect of food

A

The energy required to eat digest absorb and use food taken in

39
Q

Energy intake

A

Total amount of energy from food and drink consumed

40
Q

Macro cycle

A

Long term training plan (1 year)

41
Q

Meso cycle

A

Mid term training plan (6 weeks)

42
Q

Micro cycle

A

Short term training cycle ( 1 week)

43
Q

Tapering

A

Maintaining the intensity but decreasing the volume of training by one third to prepare for competition

44
Q

Aerobic capacity

A

The ability of the body to inspire, transport l, and utilise oxygen to perform sustained periods of aerobic capacity

45
Q

Static strength

A

Forced is applied against a resistance without movement occurring

46
Q

Dynamic strength

A

Force is applied against a resistance with movement occurring

47
Q

Maximum strength

A

The ability to produce a maximal amount of force in an single muscular contraction

48
Q

Explosive strength

A

The ability to produce a maximal amount of force in one or a series of rapid contractions

49
Q

Strength endurance

A

The ability to sustain repeated muscular contractions overtime

50
Q

Muscle hyperplasia

A

Increased number of muscle fibres

51
Q

Static flexibility

A

Range of motion about a joint without reference to speed of movement

52
Q

Dynamic flexibility

A

Range of motion about a joint with reference to speed of movement

53
Q

Maintenance stretching

A

Warm up, maintain current ROM

54
Q

Development stretching

A

Designed to improve ROM at a joint

55
Q

Static active stretching

A

A performer moves the joint into its fully stretched position without any assistance

56
Q

Static passive stretching

A

A performer moves the joint just beyond its point of resistance with assistance and holds for 10-30 seconds

57
Q

HDL cholesterol

A

Actively remove cholesterol from aterial walls and transport to the liver

58
Q

LDL cholesterol

A

Deposit cholesterol in the arterial walls

59
Q

Acute injury

A

A sudden injury associated with a traumatic event

60
Q

Dislocation

A

The displacement of one bone from another out of their original position

61
Q

Subluxation

A

An incomplete or partial dislocation

62
Q

Haematoma

A

Internal bleeding

63
Q

Sprain

A

Overstretch in the ligament that connects bone to bone

64
Q

Strain

A

Overstretch in the muscle or tendon that connects muscle to bone

65
Q

Abrasion

A

Damage to skin caused by scraping

66
Q

Chronic injury

A

A slowly developed injury associated with overuse

67
Q

Stress fracture

A

Tiny crack in the surface of a bone caused by overuse

68
Q

Tendinosis

A

The deterioration of a tendon in response to chronic overuse and repetitive strain

69
Q

SALTAPS

A

Protocol for assessment of sporting injury

Stop
Ask 
Look
Touch
Active 
Passive
Strength testing
70
Q

PRICE

A 
Protocol for treatment of acute injuries 
Protect
Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate
71
Q

Six R’s

A

Protocol for recognition of concussion

Recognise
Remove 
Refer
Rest
Recover
Return
72
Q

Friction

A

The force that opposes the motion of two surface in contact

73
Q

Centre of mass

A

The point at which an object or a body is balanced in all directions; the point at which the weight appears to act

74
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

Second class lever systems where the effort arm is greater then the load arm. Large load can be moved by small effort

75
Q

Mechanical disadvantage

A

Third class lever systems where load arm is greater then effort arm. Large effort is required to move a small load

76
Q

Linear motion

A

Results from a direct force been applied to a body, movement of a body in a straight or curved line, where all parts move the same distance in the same direction over the same time

77
Q

Angular motion

A

Movement of a body in a circular path about an axis of rotation

78
Q

Eccentric force

A

A force applied outside the centre of mass, resulting in angular motion

79
Q

Moment of inertia

A

Resistance of a body to change its state of angular motion or rotation

80
Q

Angular velocity

A

The rate of change in Angular displacement or rate of rotation

81
Q

Angular momentum

A

The quantity of angular motion possessed by a body

82
Q

Conservation of angular momentum

A

Angular momentum is a conserved quantity which remains constant unless an external eccentric force is applied

83
Q

Angular analogue of Newton’s first law of motion

A

A rotating body will continue to turn about an axis or rotation with constant angular momentum unless acted upon by an eccentric force

84
Q

Newton’s first law - law of inertia

A

A body continues In a state or uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external force

85
Q

2nd law - law of acceleration

A

A body’s rate of change of momentum is proportional to the side of the force applied and acts in the same direction

86
Q

3rd law - law of reaction

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

87
Q

Drag

A

The force that opposes direction of motion through water

88
Q

Magnus force

A

A force created from a pressure gradient on opposing surfaces of a spinning body through moving air

PE-Exercise Physiology (3 decks)

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