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PE-Exercise Physiology > Cards > Flashcards

Cards Flashcards

1
Q

Movement at Sagittal

A

Flexion extensjon Doris flexion plantar flexion

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2
Q

Movement at frontal

A

Addiction abduction

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3
Q

Movement at transverse plane

A

Horizontal extension + flexion

Rotation

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4
Q

3 types of joint

A

Hinge condyloid( wrist) ball and socket

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5
Q

Shoulder articulating bones + joint type

A

Humerus and scapula

Ball and socket

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6
Q

Agonist muscles for flexion extension adduction abduction horizontal flexion and horizontal extension

A

F - anterior deltoid E- posterior deltoid

AD- latimuss Dorsi abd- mid deltoid

HF- pectoralis major HE- posterior deltoid

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7
Q

Elbow articulating bones

A

Humerus radius ulna

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8
Q

Wrist articulating bones joint type clexion and extension

A

Radius ulna carpals

Condyloid joint

Flexion - wrist flexors

E- wrist extensors

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9
Q

Hip joint type articulating bones, flexion and extension ab and adduction and medial and lateral

A

Pelvic girdle and femur

Ball and socket

Illiopsoas - F

Gluteus maximus - E

Adduction - adductor longus abducfion - gluteus medius

Medial - gluteus medius lateral - gluteus maximus

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10
Q

Knee articulating bones and agonist muscle

A

Femur and tibia

F- bicep femoris
E- rectus femoris

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11
Q

Ankle articulating bones + Doris and plantar flexion

A

Tibia fibula talus

DF- tibialis anterior
PF- soleus

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12
Q

What’s a motor unit

A

Motor neurone + muscle fibre

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13
Q

What does SO HAVE

A

High - capillary, mitochondria, myoglobin

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14
Q

What does FOG have

A

High PC, large neurones, Many fibres per neurone

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15
Q

WHAT DOES FG HAVE

A

High pc large neurone

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16
Q

Why is SV ABLE TO INCREASE

A

Due to increase venous return

And the frank starling mechanism

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17
Q

What’s SV LIKE IN RECOVERY

A

Maintained during early stages of recovery, as HR rapidly reduces

This will maintain blood flow and removal of waste products

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18
Q

What’s CO like in recovery

A

Rapid decrease followed by a slower decrease In resting levels

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19
Q

What is the CCC CONTRLLED BY

A

Autonomic nervous system

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20
Q

What do proprio Baro and chemo receptors all do

A

Proprio- detects movement
Baro- detects change in blood pressure

Chemo- detects change in ph

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21
Q

What two intrinsic control things are there

A

Temp- affect blood viscosity and speed of nerve transmission

Venous return - will effect stretch in venjtridke walls and force of contraction and SV

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22
Q

Venous return mechanisms

A 
Muscle pump
Respiratory pump
Smooth muscle 
Pocket valves
Gravity
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23
Q

What happens to vascular shunt mechanism in rest

A

Arterioles organs vasodilate - increase blood flow

Arterioles to muscles constrict

Pre capillary sphincters - vasodilate allow more blood to organ cells

Vasoconstrict Of capillary beds of muscle

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24
Q

Vascular shunt mechanism in exercise

A

Arterioles to organs vasoconstrict - decrease blood flow

Arterioles to muscles dilate

Pre capillary sphincters - vasoconstrict allow less blood to organ cells

Vasodilate Of capillary beds of muscle

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25
Q

VCC WHERE IS IT? What does it respond to

A

Medulla oblongata

Chemoreceptors- chemical changes such as co2 and lactic acid

Baroreceptors - pressure changes onnarterial walls

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26
Q

What’s external and internal respiration

A

External - lungs -> blood

Internal - blood -> muscle tissue

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27
Q

How is o2 transported

A

97% hemo

3% blood plasma

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28
Q

How is co2 transported

A

70 - water
7- blood plasma
23 - hemo

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29
Q

What two centres are in RCC

A

Inspiratory centre - stimulate muscles to contractcdurimf rest and exercise

Expiartiry centre - inactive at rest - simfulate muscle contraction in exercise

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30
Q

Describe gaseous exchange at rest in external respiration

A

O2 high pp in alveoli -> low pp in blood

Co2 high pp in blood -> low pp in alveoli

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31
Q

Describe gaseous exchange at rest in internal respiration

A

O2 high pp in blood -> low pp muscle cell

Co2 high pp muscle cell -> low pp blood

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32
Q

What are effects of Bohr shift

A

Increase in blood and muscle temp

Increase pp of co2

Increase production of lactic acid

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33
Q

Process of ATP PC

A

Pc-> p+c By creatine kinase Adp+p-> atp

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34
Q

POS and neg of atp pc

A 
\+ no delay for o2
\+ pc readily available 
\+ simple breakdown 
* provides energy wuickly 
\+ no fatiguing by products
  • low atp yield
  • small pc Stores lead to rapid fatigue
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35
Q

Describe glycolyticsystem

A

Glycogen -> glucose by gpp. Glucose -> pyruvic acid by PFK

Pyruvic acid -> lactic acid by ldh

2 moles of atp

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36
Q

POS and neg oh glyolytic

A

+ no delay for o2

Large fuel stores

Provides energy for up to 3 mins

Lactic acid can be recycled for further energy production

  • fatiguing by product

Low atp yield

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37
Q

POS and neg of aerobic system

A

+ 38 moles of atp high yield

Large fuel stores

No fatiguing by products

  • delay for o2

Slow energy production

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38
Q

What is the energy continuum

A

Relative contribution of each energy system to overall energy production depending on intensity and duration of activity

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39
Q

How fast is pc repelndished

A

50% in 30 secs

100% in 3 mins

40
Q

What factors can effect energy continuum

A

Position of player

Tactics and strats used

Level of comp

Structure of game

41
Q

How long is fast alactacid component. What happens

A

Up to 3 mins

Pc restored
Replenishment of blood and muscle oxygen

42
Q

Slow lactacid component

A

3 mins -24 hours

Elevated ventilation and circulation

Elevated body temp

Removal of lactic acid

43
Q

What are the implications of recovery on traninng

A

Warm up - reduce oxygen deficit

Active recovery - maintains hr and repirsrjory rate - remove lactic acid

Cooling aids

Intensity of training

Work relief ratios

Strats and tatifs

Nurtrition

44
Q

What happens when exercise at high altitude

A

Poor rate of o2 diffusion

So

Blood volume decrease

Sv decreases, so hr increase

Q, Sv, hr, all increase in max intense exercise

45
Q

How long does it take to accimatise

A

3-5 - low

1-2 weeks - mid

2+ weeks - high

4+ weeks - extreme

46
Q

How does acclimitasion benefit cv and respiratory system

A

Increase rbc production

Breathingbrate and ventilation stabilise

Sv and co reduce as o2 extraction more efficient

Less sickness

47
Q

What is hyperthermia caused by

A

High and prolonged exercise intensities

High air temps

High relative humidity

48
Q

Effects of of heat on cv system

A

Dilation Of arterioles - increase blood flow and blood pooling in. Limbs

Decrease blood volume, Veous return, Sv, co, and bp- so hr increase

49
Q

Effects of heat on R system

A

Dehydration- difficult to breath

Increased breathing frequency -

More pollutants in air - more irritation in airwave

50
Q

State a pre post and during comp strategy to maximise performance in heat

A

Pre - cooling aids

During - suitable clothing

After - rehydrate, cooling aids

51
Q

How much stuff in diet

A

Carbs -55

Protein - 15

Fat - 30

52
Q

Anabolic steroids job- pos and neg

A

+ increase muscle mass and strength
+ increase intensity and duration of training

  • acne
  • mood swings
53
Q

Epo pos and neg

A

+Increase rbc count
+ increase o2 transport

  • blood clots
  • increase blood Viscosity
54
Q

HGH - pos and neg

A

+Increase muscle mass and strength

+ increase intensity and duration of performance

  • abnormal bone development
  • enlargement of vital organs
55
Q

Blood doping - pos and neg

A

+Increase rbc count
+ increase o2 transport

  • blood clots
  • increase blood Viscosity
56
Q

IHT pos and neg

A

Increase rbc

Increased intensity and duration of performance

  • dehydrated
  • decrease immune function
57
Q

Cooling aids pos and neg

A

Reduce core body temp

Decreased injury pain and swelling

  • ice burns
  • chest pain
58
Q

Carb loading

A

Increase endurance capacity
Delays fatigue

  • increase risk of injury
  • lethargic
59
Q

Pre event meal.

A

Tops up liver

Maintains blood glucose levels

  • may become dizzy
60
Q

Post even meal

A

Promoters faster recovery rate of glycogen

  • not always practical
61
Q

Creatine

A

Increase pc stores
Increase intensity and duration of training

  • increase weight gain
    Increase water retention
62
Q

Caffeine

A

Increased nervous stimulation
Increase concentration

  • insomnia
  • gastrointestinal problems
63
Q

Biocarbonate

A

Increased buffering capacity
Increased intensity and duration of performance

  • unpleasant taste
    Gastrointestinal problems
64
Q

Nitrates

A

Decreased bp
Increased blood flow
Delays fatigue

  • headaches
  • long term effects unclear
65
Q

Training programme should have :

A

Evaluation test
Warm up
Cool down

66
Q

Principles of training

A 
Specificity
Progression
Overload
Variance
Moderation
Reversibility
67
Q

What are the sums of training programmes

A

Reach pychological peak at correct time

Avoiding injury

Structure training to give achievable goals

68
Q

Factors affecting vo2 max

A

Physiological makeup
Age
Gender
Training

69
Q

Evaluation for aerobic capacity

A

Direct gas analysis

Cooper run

70
Q

Aerobic capacity adaptations for R and CV system

A

R:
Respiratory muscles become stronger- increase o2 in blood

Increased surface area of alveoli - increased gaseous exchange

Delayed OBLA
Reduced onset of fatigue

Cv: cardiac hypertropgy
Increase number of rbc
Increased blood plasma volume
Increase so muscle fibre

Decrease bp
Increased blood flow and o2 to muscles

71
Q

Aerobic capacity musculoskeletal adaptations

A 
So muscle fibre hypertrophy
Increased size and density of mitochondria 
Increased myoglobin stores
Decrease risk of osteoporosis 
Increased joint stability
72
Q

Factors affecting strength

A

Cross sectional area of muscle

Fibre type

Gender

Age

73
Q

Evaluation for strength

A

One rep max - max strength

Grip strength dynamometer

Abdominal curl test

Vertical jump test

74
Q

Adaptations for strength

A

Muscle hypertrophy

Muscle hyperplasia

Increase strength of tendons and ligaments

Increased bone density

  • increase muscle mass
    Size and strength
    Intensity
75
Q

Factors affecting flexibility

A

Type of joint

Length and elasticity of surrounding connective tissue

Gender

Age

76
Q

Evaluation for flexibility

A

Goniometry

Sit and reach test

77
Q

Flexibilityadaptarions

A

Increased rom about w joint

Decreae risk of injury

Increase elasticity

Increase posture

78
Q

Effects of training

A

Increase respiratory muscle strength

Decrease resting and sub maximal HR

increase air flow

Increased sa of alveoli

79
Q

Signs of dislocation and fracture

A

Swelling
Discolouration
Deformity

80
Q

What are warm ups used for

A

Raise body temp

Prepare body physiologically

Prepare body pychlogicslly

Minimise risk of injury

81
Q

What are cool downs for

A

Maintain HR

Aiding removal of lactic acid

Aid healing process

82
Q

Vertical forces

A

Weight

Reaction

83
Q

Horizontal forces

A

Friction

Air resistance

84
Q

What can a force do

A

Create motion

Accelerate a body

Decelerate a body

Change directiknof w body

Change shape of W body

85
Q

Factors affecting friction

A

Roughness of ground surface

Roughness of contact surface

Temp

Size of normal reaction

86
Q

Factors affecting air resistance

A

Velocity

Shape

Frontal cross sectional area

Smoothness Of surface

87
Q

Factors affecting stability

A

Mass of body

Height of COM

SIZE OF BASE SUPPORT

LINE OF GRAVITY

88
Q

What is a fulcrum effort load

A

F- joint

E- muscular force

L- Weight

89
Q

What are axis of rotation

A

Longitudinal - top to bottom

Transverse - side to side

Frontal - front to back

90
Q

Factors affecting MOI

A

mass - greater mass greater moi

Distribution of mass from axis of rotation - further mass moves from axis of rotation, the greater MOI

91
Q

What effect does moi have on angular velocity

A

If moi is high, resistance to rotation is high, therefore angular velocity is low and rate of spin is low

If moi is low, resistance to rotation is low, therefore angular velocity is high and rate of spin is fast

92
Q

Factors affecting distance travelled by a projectile

A

Speed, angle and height or release

93
Q

Describe Bernoulli principle

A

Creation of lift force

As velocity increase pressure decreases, creating a pressure gradient so either lifts up or pushes down

94
Q

Bernoulli principle of f1 car

A

Spoilers are inverted aerofoil

Air velocity underneath car is increased

Pressure gradient formed, downward force

So get grip and friction

95
Q

Why is spin useful

A

Gives stability in flight

Shorten or length flight

Can confuse

PE-Exercise Physiology (3 decks)

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