Definitions

Question 1

Reaction rate?

Answer 1

Change in the amount of reactants or products per unit time.

Question 2

Half life?

Answer 2

Time taken for half of the reactants to be used up.

Question 3

Rate determining step?

Answer 3

Slowest step in a reaction.

Question 4

Lattice enthalpy?

Answer 4

Formation of 1 mole of ionic lattice from gaseous ions.

Question 5

Enthalpy of solution?

Answer 5

When 1 mole of a solute is completely dissolved in water.

Question 6

Enthalpy of hydration?

Answer 6

1 mole of aqueous ions are formed from their gaseous ions.

Question 7

Oxidising agent?

Answer 7

Causes something to be oxidised but is in itself reduced.

Question 8

Reducing agent?

Answer 8

Causes something to be reduced but is itself oxidised.

Question 9

Concordant results?

Answer 9

Within 0.1 of one another.

Question 10

Standard electrode potential of a half cell?

Answer 10

Emf of a half cell compared with a standard hydrogen half cell measured at 298K, 1moldm-3, and pressure 1 atm.

Question 11

Mole fraction?

Answer 11

Number of moles of gas / total number of moles of a gas.

Question 12

Partial pressure?

Answer 12

Mole fraction x total pressure.

Question 13

Entropy?

Answer 13

Measure of dispersal of energy in a system, or degree of disorder.

Question 14

Standard entropy?

Answer 14

Entropy of 1 mole of a substance under standard conditions.

Question 15

Transition element?

Answer 15

A d-block element that has at least one stable ion with an incomplete d subshell.

Question 16

Complex ion?

Answer 16

Central transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate bonds.

Question 17

Ligand?

Answer 17

An ion or molecule with a lone pair of electrons that can be donated to a transition metal to form a coordinate bond.

Question 18

Coordinate number?

Answer 18

Total number of coordinate bonds between a central metal ion and its ligand.

Question 19

Monodentate ligand?

Answer 19

A ligand that donates one pair of electrons to the central metal ion.

Question 20

Bidentate ligand?

Answer 20

A ligand that donates two pairs of electrons to the central transition metal ion forming 2 coordinate bonds.

Question 21

Stereoisomerism?

Answer 21

Same molecular and structural formula, but different arrangement of atoms in space.

Question 22

Optical isomerism?

Answer 22

Non-superimposable mirror images.

Question 23

Cis-platin?

Answer 23

Anti-cancer drug which binds to DNA in cancer cells and prevents cell division.

Question 24

Acids?

Answer 24

Proton donors.

Question 25

Bases?

Answer 25

Proton acceptors.

Question 26

Pi bond?

Answer 26

Sideways overlap of p orbitals above and below the nucleus.

Question 27

Sigma bond?

Answer 27

Head on overlap of orbitals directly between the bonding atoms.

Question 28

Arenes?

Answer 28

Hydrocarbons containing one or more benzene ring.

Question 29

Aromatic?

Answer 29

Any compound with a benzene ring.

Question 30

Reflux?

Answer 30

Continuous process of evaporation and condensation to prevent volatile reagents escaping.

Question 31

Alkylation?

Answer 31

Hydrogen is replaced by an alkyl group.

Question 32

Acyl group?

Answer 32

An alkyl R group attached to C=O.

Question 33

Halogen carrier catalyst?

Answer 33

Takes a halogen atom from the reagent and carries it by forming a covalent bond to the halogen atom.

Question 34

Phenol?

Answer 34

When an -OH group is directly bonded to a benzene.

Question 35

Names of peaks in NMR?

Answer 35

Singlet, doublet, triplet, quartet, multiplet.