6.2.4 - Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation

Question 1

What is a nitrile group?

Answer 1

When a cyanide ion is introduced into an organic molecule.

Question 2

Why are reactions with nitriles important?

Answer 2

They extend the length of the carbon chain.

Question 3

What two ways can nitriles be made?

Answer 3

1. From a carbonyl compound, forming a hydroxynitrile.

2. From a halogenoalkane.

Question 4

What are the reagents and conditions for the formation of a nitrile from a halogenoalkane?

Answer 4

Halogenoalkane, KCN, heat under reflux.

Question 5

What kind of reaction is the formation of a nitrile from a halogenoalkane?

Answer 5

Nucleophilic substitution.

Question 6

When a nitrile is reduced what are the two methods?

Answer 6

1. Hydrogen and a nickel catalyst, 150C

2. LiAlH4 as the reducing agent.

Question 7

What is the product of the reduction of a nitrile?

Answer 7

A primary amine.

Question 8

What is the general equation of the reduction of a nitrile with LiAlH4?

Answer 8

RCN + 4[H] -> RCH2NH2

Question 9

What is the general equation for the reduction of a nitrile with hydrogen?

Answer 9

RCN + 2H2 -> RCH2NH2

Question 10

What are the reagents and conditions for the hydrolysis of nitriles?

Answer 10

Acid, water and HCl, heat under reflux.

Question 11

What is the general equation for the hydrolysis of nitriles?

Answer 11

RCN + 2H2O + HCl -> RCOOH + NH4Cl