Definitions

Question 1

Define ‘Illusion’

Answer 1

Misperceptions of real external stimuli

Question 2

Define ‘Hallucination’

Answer 2

Perceptions occurring in the absence of external stimuli

Question 3

Define ‘Hypnopompic/hypnogogic hallucinations’

Answer 3

Hallucinations that occur as the patient falls asleep/wakes up

Question 4

Define ‘Reflex hallucination’

Answer 4

Sensory hallucination from an auditory stimulus

Question 5

Define ‘extracampine hallucination’

Answer 5

Hallucination experienced beyond the realms of reality

Question 6

What is an ‘auditory, 2nd person hallucination’?

Answer 6

When the hallucination is speaking directly to the patient using ‘you’

Question 7

What is an ‘auditory 3rd person hallucination’?

Answer 7

When the hallucination speaks about the patient giving a running commentary eg. ‘she is..’

Question 8

Define ‘overvalued idea’

Answer 8

False/exaggerated belief held without reason and with rigidity- but NOT delusion

Question 9

Define ‘delusion’

Answer 9

Belief held outside cultural/social/religious norms with absolute conviction

Question 10

What is a ‘persecutory delusion’?

Answer 10

Patient believes an external agent is going to harm them/loved one

Question 11

What is a ‘grandiose delusion’?

Answer 11

Patient has an inflated self-worth

Question 12

What is a ‘self-referential delusion’?

Answer 12

Patient believes what they see/hear is related to them (even when completely unrelated)

Question 13

What is a ‘guilt delusion’?

Answer 13

Patient believes they have caused harm/death to others

Question 14

What is a ‘nihilistic delusion’?

Answer 14

Patient believes they are dead, bowels rotten etc

Question 15

What is a ‘misidentification delusion’?

Answer 15

Patient believes a close relative/friend has been replaced by an imposter

Question 16

What is a ‘hypochondriacal delusion’?

Answer 16

Patient believes they have a condition/disease even when cleared by medical professionals

Question 17

Define ‘delusional perception’

Answer 17

A delusional belief resulting from a true perception eg. lights went green and so I know MI5 is after me

Question 18

Define ‘thought alienation’

Answer 18

Generic term to cover the types of thought phenomenon

Question 19

Define ‘thought insertion’

Answer 19

Belief that patients thoughts are not their own and being put in their head by an external agent

Question 20

Define ‘thought withdrawal’

Answer 20

Belief that thoughts have been stolen from patient’s head by an external agent

Question 21

Define ‘thought broadcast’

Answer 21

Belief that patients thoughts are being broadcast out loud for everyone to hear

Question 22

Define ‘thought echo’

Answer 22

From of auditory hallucination where patient hears thoughts spoken aloud either at the same time/after thinking them

Question 23

Define ‘thought block’

Answer 23

Sudden interruption in the patient’s train of thought leaving them with a blank and cannot get back to it even with prompting

Question 24

Define ‘concrete thinking’

Answer 24

Lack of abstract thinking. Patients will take expressions literally.

Question 25

Define 'loosening of association'

Answer 25

Lack of logical association between thoughts - severe schizo/mania

Question 26

Define 'circumstantiality'

Answer 26

Irrelevant wandering in a conversation- takes a long time to get to the point

Question 27

Define 'preservation'

Answer 27

Repetition of a word/theme/point until past the point it was relevant eg. replying to every answer with 2 weeks

Question 28

Define 'confabulation'

Answer 28

Making up stories to fill in blanks in memory- sound coherent but delusional

Question 29

Define 'Somatic passivity'

Answer 29

Belief that patient is passively receiving bodily sensations from an outside agent

Question 30

Define 'made act'

Answer 30

Act is carried out by patient but they believe it is considered alien/imposed. Patient may move arm but say ‘the devil is moving my arm for me and I can’t stop it’

Question 31

Define 'made feeling'

Answer 31

Feeling felt by patient but considered alien/imposed. ‘I am feeling miserable and low, MI5 is causing this as I’m actually fine’

Question 32

Define 'made drive'

Answer 32

Impulse is carried out by patient but considered alien/imposed. 'MI5 is feeding messages into my head that’s making me run down the street’

Question 33

Define 'clouding of consciousness'

Answer 33

Lowered level of consciousness and decreased perception and response to external stimuli . Cx= DRUGS

Question 34

Define 'catatonia'

Answer 34

State of excited/inhibited motor activity in absence of mood disorder/neuro disease

Question 35

Define catatonia- 'wavy flexibility'

Answer 35

Patient's limbs feel like wax/lead and kept in position when moved

Question 36

Define catatonia- 'echolalia'

Answer 36

Automatic repetition of words heard

Question 37

Define catatonia- 'echopraxia'

Answer 37

Automatic repetition of actions seen

Question 38

Define catatonia- 'legoclonia'

Answer 38

Automatic repetition of last syllable of word

Question 39

Define catatonia- 'Negativism'

Answer 39

Motiveless resistance to movement

Question 40

Define catatonia - 'palilalia'

Answer 40

Repetition of word with increasing frequency

Question 41

Define catatonia- 'verbigeration'

Answer 41

Repetition of sentences - in monotonous tone

Question 42

Define 'stupor' or 'akinetic autism'

Answer 42

Complete loss of activity with no response to stimuli

Question 43

Define 'psychomotor retardation'

Answer 43

Slowing of thoughts and movements

Question 44

Define 'flight of ideas'

Answer 44

Rapid skipping of thoughts with distant connections eg. puns

Question 45

Define 'pressure of speech'

Answer 45

Excess rate of speech with sentences that may/may not be linked and can wander off the point

Question 46

Define 'anhedonia'

Answer 46

Loss of interest in activities the patient previously enjoyed

Question 47

Define 'incongruity of affect'

Answer 47

Emotional responses out of sync with topic of conversation

Question 48

Define 'blunting of affect'

Answer 48

Absence of normal emotional responses

Question 49

Define 'belle indifference'

Answer 49

Feeling of indifference about disability/symptom

Question 50

Define 'depersonalisation'

Answer 50

Feeling of sense of detachment from one's own body - spectator to life

Question 51

Define 'derealisation'

Answer 51

Feeling of surroundings not being real- dull, grey, lifeless

Question 52

Define 'dissocation'

Answer 52

Patient feels disconnected from themselves/surroundings

Question 53

Define 'conversion'

Answer 53

SYMPTOM FORMATION- translating psychological conflict into somatic sx - motor/sensory

Question 54

Define 'mannerism'

Answer 54

Bizarre elaboration of normal activities eg. twirling hair on toilet (not when nervous)

Question 55

Define 'stereotyped behaviour'

Answer 55

Uniform, repetitive, non-goal directed actions - can be random movements

Question 56

Define 'obsession'

Answer 56

Recurrent persistent thoughts that enter consciousness and cannot be resisted

Question 57

Define 'compulsion'

Answer 57

Repetitive, apparently purposeful behaviour performed without goal, despite patient knowing its senseless and can't resist

Question 58

Define 'Akathitsia'

Answer 58

Motor restlessness - anxiety (inner restlessness) or can't sit still/sleep