Definitions Flashcards
Empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound e.g. butane C2H5
Molecular Formula
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule e.g. butane C4H10
Displayed Formula
A structure which shows all the atoms and all the bonds in a molecule
Structural Formula
A structure which shows the relative positions of the atoms in a molecule but does NOT show any bonds e.g for butane CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 aka CH3 (CH2)2 CH3
Functional Group
a reactive group which is attached to a hydrocarbon chain e.g. alcohols, carboxylic acids
Homologous Series
a series of organic compounds with the same functional group but a different chain length. Differ by CH2 e.g. alcohols increase by CH2
General Formula
a formula that represents all members of a homologous series e.g alkanes CnH2n+2
Skeletal formula
Only the bonds between carbon atoms (C-C) and other atoms are shown. Carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms are not shown. Bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms are not shown
What is an isomer?
🌟has the same molecular formula
🌟 has different structural formula
What are the two types of isomerism?
✨ Structural isomerism
✨Stereoisomerism
What are structural isomers?
Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
What are the three types of structural isomerism?
🌙Positional
🌙Functional group
🌙Chain
Describe chain isomerism
Basically you move the chain so it changes e.g. You put the extra carbon in the middle of the chain so it doesn’t bend but so it actually also changes
Describe positional isomerism
You have to move the functional group e.g. From but-1-ene to but-2-ene so the front number of the isomer changes so 1- bromopropane becomes 2-bromopropane
Describe functional group isomerism
Basically an Alkene can also be a cycloalkane e.g. Butene = cyclobutane
