Combustion And Catalytic Converters Flashcards
What are catalytic converters used for?
Catalytic converters are used to remove the impurities from petrol engines such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and unburnt hydrocarbons
What is the structure of a catalytic converter?
Honeycomb structure made of a ceramic material coated with platinum and rhodium metals
What are platinum and rhodium used as?
Catalysts
What does the shape of the catalytic converter help in its function?
The honeycomb shape provides an enormous surface area so a little of these very expensive metals goes a long way
What happens when polluting gases pass over the catalyst?
They react with each other to form less harmful products via the following reactions:
2CO (g) + 2NO (g) –> N2 (g) + 2CO2 (g)
Fuel
hydrocarbon + nitrogen oxide –>nitrogen + carbon dioxide + water
Give an example of a reaction that shows what happens when polluting gases pass over a catalyst
C8H18 + 25NO –> 25/2N2 +8CO2 + 9H2O
A catalytic converter in the exhaust system of a car contains a ceramic honeycomb covered with a thin coating of the catalyst. When hot gases containing nitrogen monoxide and unburnt octane are passed over the catalyst, they react to form nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water
Explain why the catalyst is coated on a honeycomb
👏 So the polluting gases that touch the surface of the exhaust react together to form less harmful products
👏The honeycomb shape provides an enormous surface area so these catalysts can go a long way
A catalytic converter in the exhaust system of a car contains a ceramic honeycomb covered with a thin coating of the catalyst. When hot gases containing nitrogen monoxide and unburnt octane are passed over the catalyst, they react to form nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water
Write an equation for the reaction of octane with nitrogen monoxide to form nitrogen carbon dioxide and water
C8H18 + 25 NO -> 25/2 N2 + 8CO2 + 9H2O
Butane C4H10 is a hydrocarbon which is used as a fuel. Explain what is is meant by the term hydrocarbon
A compound consisting of only hydrogen and carbon
Explain what is meant by the term fuel ⛽️
A substance that produces useful energy when it undergoes a chemical or nuclear reaction
Write an equation for the complete combustion of butane
2C4H10 +13O2 –> 8CO2 + 10H2O
Write an equation for the incomplete combustion of butane to produce carbon monoxide and water
C4H10 + 4.5 O2 –> 4CO + 5H2O
Under what conditions would you expect incomplete combustion to occur?
When low supply of O2
State one reason why cracking is important
Cracking of petroleum fractions can produce short chain products which are more useful and in demand economically
Ethane can be cracked in the presence if a catalyst to produce ethene and hydrogen
Write an equation for this reaction
Give a suitable catalyst for this reaction
❤️C2H6 –> C2H4 + H2
❤️Zeolite
