Definitions

Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

the net movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration down the concentration gradient as a result of their random movement

Question 2

Osmosis

Answer 2

the diffusion of water molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration, through a partially permeable membrane

Question 3

Enzymes

Answer 3

proteins that function as biological catalysts

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

the fundamental process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light

Question 5

Ingestion

Answer 5

taking substances into the body through the mouth

Question 6

Digestion

Answer 6

the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small, water-soluble molecules using mechanical and chemical processes

Question 7

Egestion

Answer 7

passing out of food that has not been digested, as faeces, through the anus

Question 8

Absorption

Answer 8

movement of
digested food molecules through the wall
of the intestine into the blood.

Question 9

Transpiration

Answer 9

evaporation of water
at the surfaces of the mesophyll cells
followed by loss of water vapour from plant
leaves, through the stomata

Question 10

Translocation

Answer 10

movement of sucrose and amino acids
in phloem; from regions of production
to regions of storage or to regions of
utilisation in respiration or growth

Question 11

Aerobic respiration

Answer 11

the release of
a relatively large amount of energy in cells
by the breakdown of food substances in
the presence of oxygen

Question 12

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 12

the release
of a relatively small amount of energy by
the breakdown of food substances in the
absence of oxygen

Question 13

Hormone

Answer 13

a chemical substance,
produced by a gland, carried by the blood,
which alters the activity of one or more
specific target organs and is then destroyed
by the liver

Question 14

Geotropism

Answer 14

a
response in which a plant grows towards or
away from gravity

Question 15

Phototropism

Answer 15

a
response in which a plant grows towards or
away from the direction from which light is
coming

Question 16

Homeostasis

Answer 16

the maintenance of

a constant internal environment

Question 17

Asexual reproduction

Answer 17

the process
resulting in the production of genetically
identical offspring from one parent

Question 18

Sexual reproduction

Answer 18

the process
involving the fusion of haploid nuclei to
form a diploid zygote and the production of
genetically dissimilar offspring.

Question 19

Pollination

Answer 19

as the transfer of pollen
grains from the male part of the plant
(anther or stamen) to the female part of the
plant (stigma)

Question 20

Food chain

Answer 20

the flow of energy from one organism to the next beginning with a producer

Question 21

Food web

Answer 21

a network of interconnected food chains showing the energy flow through part of an ecosystem

Question 22

Producer

Answer 22

an organism that makes its own organic nutrients, usually using energy from sunlight and through photosynthesis

Question 23

Consumer

Answer 23

an organism that gets its energy by feeding on other organisms

Question 24

Herbivore

Answer 24

an animal that gets its energy by eating plants

Question 25

Carnivore

Answer 25

an animal that gets its energy by eating other animals

Question 26

Decomposer

Answer 26

an organism that gets its energy from dead or waste organic matter

Question 27

Ecosystem

Answer 27

a unit containing all of the organisms and their environment interacting together in a given area

Question 28

Trophic level

Answer 28

the position of an organism in a food chain or food web