Definitions

Question 1

Dermatome

Answer 1

Area of skin supplied by a single spinal sensory nerve

Question 2

Pain

Answer 2

Unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

Question 3

Noiceptor

Answer 3

A high-threshold sensory receptor of the peripheral somatosensory nervous system that is capable of transducing and encoding noxious stimuli. Free nerve ending

Question 4

Hyperalgesia

Answer 4

Increased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes pain

Question 5

Neuropathic Pain

Answer 5

Pain caused by lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system

Question 6

Allodynia

Answer 6

Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain

Question 7

Sensitisation (pain)

Answer 7

Increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons to their normal input, and/or recruitment of a response to normally subthreshold inputs

Question 8

Radicular Pain

Answer 8

Pain that radiates along the dermatome of the nerve due to inflammation/irritation of the nerve root

Question 9

Referred Pain

Answer 9

Pain perceived at a location other than the site of painful stimulus, as a result of viscerosomatic convergence into same spinothalamic region

Question 10

Yellow flag symptom

Answer 10

Psycho-social barriers to recovery - patient is at risk of developing persistent chronic pain and LT disability

Question 11

Equlibrium potential

Answer 11

membrane potential where the no of ions entering the cell is equal to the number of ions leaving the cell

Question 12

Temporal summation

Answer 12

Temporal summation occurs when a single pre-synaptic neuron fires many times in succession, causing the post-synaptic neuron to reach its threshold and fire

Question 13

Spatial summation

Answer 13

Spatial summation occurs when excitatory potentials from many different pre-synaptic neurons cause the post-synaptic neuron to reach its threshold and fire

Question 14

Sensory unit

Answer 14

a single sensory nerve fibre and the receptors with which it is connected

Question 15

Spinal shock

Answer 15

Loss of sensation accompanied by motor paralysis, temporary suppression of all reflex activity below level of spinal cord injury

Question 16

Neurogenic shock

Answer 16

Type of shock caused by the sudden loss of sympathetic control.
TRIAD: hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia

Question 17

Autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 17

AKA autonomic hyperreflexia. Reaction of the autonomic NS to overstimulation

• most likely above T6
• hypertension, headaches, sweating

Question 18

Motor Unit

Answer 18

a single motor neurone and the muscle fibres it innervates

Question 19

Motor neurone pool

Answer 19

all the individual MN that innervate a single muscle (not fibres)

Question 20

Proprioception

Answer 20

Feedback from peripheral sensory receptors on the position and movement of limbs

Question 21

Vestibulo-ocular reflex

Answer 21

Reflex which allows images on the retina to be stabilised when the head is turning, by moving eyes in the opposite direction

Question 22

Tinnitus

Answer 22

Perception of sounds in the absence of external auditory stimulus

Question 23

Vertigo

Answer 23

Individual feels as if they/their surroundings are in a constant state of movement

Question 24

Concussion

Answer 24

temp disturbance in brain function as a result of trauma

Question 25

Consciousness

Answer 25

state of awareness of self and environment, ability to become orientated to new stimuli

Question 26

Neural Plasticity

Answer 26

Response to damage where uninjured tissue adapts to take over function of injured tissue

Question 27

Papilloedema

Answer 27

Visible distortion of the optic disc due to increased intra cranial pressure

• crescent = moderate
• halo = severe