Definitions

Question 1

Osmotic pressure

Answer 1

The pressure that would have to be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis, often used to express the concentration of the solution.

Question 2

Osmolarity

Answer 2

The concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solute particles per litre. mOsmol/L (physiological)

Question 3

Osmolality

Answer 3

The concentration of a solution expressed as the total number of solutes particles per Kg. mOsmol/kg

Question 4

Tonicity

Answer 4

Volume change of a cell
HOW a solution effects cell volume if cell is placed in solution
NO UNITS 
Always relative to the cell
Depends on non-permeable solutes

Question 5

Principle of electrical neutrality

Answer 5

A small change in the number of ions creates a large potential difference across the membrane, but does not affect the bulk ion concentration of ions.

Question 6

Gene

Answer 6

Smallest region of DNA that encodes a polypeptide OR is transcribed (tRNA)
Smallest part of a gene that has an end product

Question 7

Locus

Answer 7

Location of a gene on a chromosome; often refers to a group of related genes

Question 8

Allele

Answer 8

Alternative form of a gene

Question 9

Wild type organism

Answer 9

Carries standard/reference gene which is usually, but not always functional

Question 10

Mutant organism

Answer 10

Carries altered form of a gene

Question 11

Genotype

Answer 11

Genetic/allelic form of a gene

Question 12

Phenotype

Answer 12

Observable properties of the strain

Question 13

Antigen

Answer 13

Any molecule that is specifically recognised by either T-cell receptors or antibodies

Question 14

Epitope

Answer 14

The site on an antigen that directly binds to an antibody or the TCR